116
Baldassare, F. J., McCaffrey, M. A., & Harper, J. A. (2014). A geochemical context for stray gas
investigations in the northern Appalachian Basin: Implications of analyses of natural gases
from Neogene-through Devonian-age strata. American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Bulletin, 98, 341–372.
Barth-Naftilan, E., Sohng, J., & Saiers, J. E. (2018). Methane in groundwater before, during, and
after hydraulic fracturing of the Marcellus Shale. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 115(27), 6970–6975. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720898115.
Birdsell, D. T., Rajaram, H., Dempsey, D., & Viswanathan, H. S. (2015). Hydraulic fracturing
fluid migration in the subsurface: A review and expanded modeling results. Water Resources
Research, 51(9), 7159–7188.
Brantley, S. L., Yoxtheimer, D., Arjmand, S., Grieve, P., Vidic, R., Pollak, J., Llewellyn, G. T.,
Abad, J., & Simon, C. (2014). Water resource impacts during unconventional shale gas development: The Pennsylvania experience. International Journal of Coal Geology, 126, 140–156.
Brantley, S. L., Vidic, R. D., Brasier, K., Yoxtheimer, D., Pollak, J., Wilderman, C., & Wen,
T. (2018). Engaging over data on fracking and water quality. Science, 359(6374), 395–397.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6520.
Cahill, A. G., Steelman, C. M., Forde, O., Kuloyo, O., Ruff, E., Mayer, B., Mayer, K. U., Strous,
M., Ryan, M. C., Cherry, J. A., & Parker, B. L. (2017). Mobility and persistence of methane
in groundwater in a controlled-release field experiment. Nature Geoscience, 10(3), 289–294.
Carter, J. M., Macek-Rowland, K. M., Thamke, J. N., & Delzer, G. C. (2016). Estimating
national water use associated with unconventional oil and gas development. USGS Fact Sheet
2016-3032, 6 p.
Chapa, S. (2019). New laws could pump billions of dollars into Permian Basin’s rapidly growing
water recycling industry. Houston Chronicle, August 2, 2019.
Chapman, E. C., Capo, R. C., Stewart, B. W., Kirby, C. S., Hammack, R. W., Schroeder, K. T.,
& Edenborn, H. M. (2012). Geochemical and strontium isotope characterization of produced
waters from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction. Environmental Science & Technology,
46(6), 3545–3553.
Cherry, J. A., Barker, J. F., Feenstra, S., Gillham, R. W., Mackay, D. M., & Smyth, D. J. A. (1996).
The Borden site for groundwater contamination experiments: 1978–1995. In H. Kobus,
B. Barczewski, & H. P. Koschitzky (Eds.), Groundwater and subsurface remediation, environmental engineering (pp. 101–127). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
Cluff, M., Hartsock, A., Macrae, J., Carter, K., & Mouser, P. J. (2014). Temporal changes in microbial ecology and geochemistry in produced water from hydraulically fractured Marcellus shale
gas wells. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 6508–6517.
Coffin, J. C., Ge, R., Yang, S., Kramer, P. M., Tao, L., & Pereira, M. A. (2000). Effect of trihalomethanes on cell proliferation and DNA methylation in female B6C3F1 mouse liver.
Toxicological Sciences, 58(2), 243–252.
Council of Canadian Academies. (2014). Environmental impacts of shale gas extraction in
Canada: Expert panel on harnessing science and technology to understand the environmental
impacts of shale gas extraction. Ottawa, ON: Council of Canadian Academies/Conseil des
Academies Canadiennes. 262 p.
Cozzarelli, I. M., Skalak, K. J., Kent, D. B., Engle, M. A., Benthem, A., Mumford, A. C.,
Haase, K., Farag, A., Harper, D., Nagel, S. C., Iwanowicz, L. R., Orem, W. H., Akob, D. M.,
Jaeschke, J. B., Galloway, J., Kohler, M., Stoliker, D. L., & Jolly, G. (2017). Environmental
signatures and effects of a spill of untreated oil and gas wastewater in the Williston Basin,
North Dakota. Science of the Total Environment, 579C, 1782–1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
scitotenv.2016.11.157.
Davies, R. J., Almond, S., Ward, R. S., Jackson, R. B., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L. G.,
Gluyas, J. G., & Whitehead, M. A. (2014). Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for
shale and unconventional resource exploitation. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 56, 239–254.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.03.001.
6 Fracking and Water
Baldassare, F. J., McCaffrey, M. A., & Harper, J. A. (2014). A geochemical context for stray gas
investigations in the northern Appalachian Basin: Implications of analyses of natural gases
from Neogene-through Devonian-age strata. American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Bulletin, 98, 341–372.
Barth-Naftilan, E., Sohng, J., & Saiers, J. E. (2018). Methane in groundwater before, during, and
after hydraulic fracturing of the Marcellus Shale. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 115(27), 6970–6975. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720898115.
Birdsell, D. T., Rajaram, H., Dempsey, D., & Viswanathan, H. S. (2015). Hydraulic fracturing
fluid migration in the subsurface: A review and expanded modeling results. Water Resources
Research, 51(9), 7159–7188.
Brantley, S. L., Yoxtheimer, D., Arjmand, S., Grieve, P., Vidic, R., Pollak, J., Llewellyn, G. T.,
Abad, J., & Simon, C. (2014). Water resource impacts during unconventional shale gas development: The Pennsylvania experience. International Journal of Coal Geology, 126, 140–156.
Brantley, S. L., Vidic, R. D., Brasier, K., Yoxtheimer, D., Pollak, J., Wilderman, C., & Wen,
T. (2018). Engaging over data on fracking and water quality. Science, 359(6374), 395–397.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6520.
Cahill, A. G., Steelman, C. M., Forde, O., Kuloyo, O., Ruff, E., Mayer, B., Mayer, K. U., Strous,
M., Ryan, M. C., Cherry, J. A., & Parker, B. L. (2017). Mobility and persistence of methane
in groundwater in a controlled-release field experiment. Nature Geoscience, 10(3), 289–294.
Carter, J. M., Macek-Rowland, K. M., Thamke, J. N., & Delzer, G. C. (2016). Estimating
national water use associated with unconventional oil and gas development. USGS Fact Sheet
2016-3032, 6 p.
Chapa, S. (2019). New laws could pump billions of dollars into Permian Basin’s rapidly growing
water recycling industry. Houston Chronicle, August 2, 2019.
Chapman, E. C., Capo, R. C., Stewart, B. W., Kirby, C. S., Hammack, R. W., Schroeder, K. T.,
& Edenborn, H. M. (2012). Geochemical and strontium isotope characterization of produced
waters from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction. Environmental Science & Technology,
46(6), 3545–3553.
Cherry, J. A., Barker, J. F., Feenstra, S., Gillham, R. W., Mackay, D. M., & Smyth, D. J. A. (1996).
The Borden site for groundwater contamination experiments: 1978–1995. In H. Kobus,
B. Barczewski, & H. P. Koschitzky (Eds.), Groundwater and subsurface remediation, environmental engineering (pp. 101–127). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
Cluff, M., Hartsock, A., Macrae, J., Carter, K., & Mouser, P. J. (2014). Temporal changes in microbial ecology and geochemistry in produced water from hydraulically fractured Marcellus shale
gas wells. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 6508–6517.
Coffin, J. C., Ge, R., Yang, S., Kramer, P. M., Tao, L., & Pereira, M. A. (2000). Effect of trihalomethanes on cell proliferation and DNA methylation in female B6C3F1 mouse liver.
Toxicological Sciences, 58(2), 243–252.
Council of Canadian Academies. (2014). Environmental impacts of shale gas extraction in
Canada: Expert panel on harnessing science and technology to understand the environmental
impacts of shale gas extraction. Ottawa, ON: Council of Canadian Academies/Conseil des
Academies Canadiennes. 262 p.
Cozzarelli, I. M., Skalak, K. J., Kent, D. B., Engle, M. A., Benthem, A., Mumford, A. C.,
Haase, K., Farag, A., Harper, D., Nagel, S. C., Iwanowicz, L. R., Orem, W. H., Akob, D. M.,
Jaeschke, J. B., Galloway, J., Kohler, M., Stoliker, D. L., & Jolly, G. (2017). Environmental
signatures and effects of a spill of untreated oil and gas wastewater in the Williston Basin,
North Dakota. Science of the Total Environment, 579C, 1782–1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
scitotenv.2016.11.157.
Davies, R. J., Almond, S., Ward, R. S., Jackson, R. B., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L. G.,
Gluyas, J. G., & Whitehead, M. A. (2014). Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for
shale and unconventional resource exploitation. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 56, 239–254.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.03.001.
6 Fracking and Water