Chapter 12
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies
in Primary Health Care
Hastoro Dwinantoaji, Hasti Widyasamratri, Mila Karmilah,
and Sakiko Kanbara
Abstract Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Floods in Semarang, Indonesia are caused by a combination of coastal
floods and flood tides due to climate change. Key health impacts of climate change
are considered from the perspective of extreme weather events, infectious diseases,
and drought-related problems. The aim of the study was to explore the adaptation
strategies the Kemijen communities take to reduce the negative effects of floods on
human health. An exploratory case study approach was carried out from April to
June 2018 in Kemijen, Semarang. Data were obtained through field survey, faceto-face in-depth interview, observations, and literature studies. In total, 102 health
cadres were chosen through total sampling. Twenty-three percent of health cadres
reported the period in which they were suffering from floods already lasted for more
than 8 years. Types of illnesses due to floods in their area were diarrhea, dengue
fever, skin diseases, and leptospirosis. Community program led by Municipal Health
Office, Puskesmas Karangdoro and health cadres have been implemented to monitor
dengue fever cases. Public kitchen was provided through Dasa Wisma. Medical
supplies and assistance needed to recover from flood-related diseases were provided
through Posyandu. We concluded that primary health care (PHC) implemented by
health cadres plays an important role in preparing for extreme events, monitoring and
responding to infectious disease outbreaks due to changing patterns of vector- and
waterborne diseases by providing extra support for communities. Insights into the
integration of PHC adaptation strategies and strengthening the role of health cadres
H. Dwinantoaji (B)
Alumni of Cooperative Doctoral Program for Disaster Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing,
University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
e-mail: hastoro27@gmail.com
Lecturer and Researcher at Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of
Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
H. Widyasamratri · M. Karmilah
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering Sultan, Agung Islamic
University, Semarang, Indonesia
S. Kanbara
Cooperative Doctoral Program for Disaster Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, University of
Kochi, Kochi, Japan
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
R. Djalante et al. (eds.), Integrated Research on Disaster Risks, Disaster Risk Reduction,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55563-4_12
215
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies
in Primary Health Care
Hastoro Dwinantoaji, Hasti Widyasamratri, Mila Karmilah,
and Sakiko Kanbara
Abstract Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Floods in Semarang, Indonesia are caused by a combination of coastal
floods and flood tides due to climate change. Key health impacts of climate change
are considered from the perspective of extreme weather events, infectious diseases,
and drought-related problems. The aim of the study was to explore the adaptation
strategies the Kemijen communities take to reduce the negative effects of floods on
human health. An exploratory case study approach was carried out from April to
June 2018 in Kemijen, Semarang. Data were obtained through field survey, faceto-face in-depth interview, observations, and literature studies. In total, 102 health
cadres were chosen through total sampling. Twenty-three percent of health cadres
reported the period in which they were suffering from floods already lasted for more
than 8 years. Types of illnesses due to floods in their area were diarrhea, dengue
fever, skin diseases, and leptospirosis. Community program led by Municipal Health
Office, Puskesmas Karangdoro and health cadres have been implemented to monitor
dengue fever cases. Public kitchen was provided through Dasa Wisma. Medical
supplies and assistance needed to recover from flood-related diseases were provided
through Posyandu. We concluded that primary health care (PHC) implemented by
health cadres plays an important role in preparing for extreme events, monitoring and
responding to infectious disease outbreaks due to changing patterns of vector- and
waterborne diseases by providing extra support for communities. Insights into the
integration of PHC adaptation strategies and strengthening the role of health cadres
H. Dwinantoaji (B)
Alumni of Cooperative Doctoral Program for Disaster Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing,
University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
e-mail: hastoro27@gmail.com
Lecturer and Researcher at Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of
Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
H. Widyasamratri · M. Karmilah
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering Sultan, Agung Islamic
University, Semarang, Indonesia
S. Kanbara
Cooperative Doctoral Program for Disaster Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, University of
Kochi, Kochi, Japan
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
R. Djalante et al. (eds.), Integrated Research on Disaster Risks, Disaster Risk Reduction,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55563-4_12
215