genes in diverse strains of soybean bradyrhizobia. Microbes
Environ 21:174–184
Sasaki K (1970) Comparative geographical studies on shifting cultivation. Doctor thesis of Kyoto Univ. (in Japanese)
Seino K (1980) Rice and wheat cultivation in Kyushu. In: Kyushu
National Agricultural Experiment Station (ed) Shashin de miru
Kyushu no dojo to nogyo (Soil and agriculture in Kyushu seen in
photos). Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Chikugo, pp 37–38. (in Japanese)
Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA (2012) Comparing the yields of
organic and conventional agriculture. Nature 485:229–232
Shiiba Y, Uthumi Y (2010) Swidden agriculture at Okawachi
Settlement in Shiiba Village. Bull Kyushu Univ For 91:34–39 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Shiina Y, Itakura M et al (2014) Relationship between soil type and
N2O reductase genotype (nosZ) of indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia: nosZ-minus populations are dominant in andosols. Microbes
Environ 29:420–426
Shinjo T, Komiya Y et al (1993) Prevention of reddish soil loss in the
Kunigami maaji area by membrane of chemical stabilization.
Trans JSIDRE 166:97–104 (in Japanese)
Shinzato Y, Fukami K et al (2013) Effects of drainage improvement for
sugarcane fields by subsurface drainage and subsoiling. J Jpn Soc
Agric Mach 75:426–433 (in Japanese with English summary)
Shiraki M (2007) The effectiveness and prevalence of the solarization
method constructed in Miyazaki. Plant Prot 61:14–17 (in Japanese)
Shoji S, Ito T et al (1985) Properties of nonallophanic Andosols from
Japan. Soil Sci 140:264–277
Shoji S, Nanzyo M, Dahlgren R (1993) Volcanic ash soils: genesis,
properties and utilization. Elsevier, Amsterdam; Tokyo, pp 1–5, 44–
45, 54
Soil genesis and classification laboratory, National Institute for
Agro-Environmental Sciences (1997) Typology and regional characteristics of clay mineral composition in lowland soil in Japan.
http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/archive/niaes/sinfo/result/result13/
result13_02.html (in Japanese; May 2019)
Statistics Department, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries (2016) Area by type of cultivated land. In:
The 90th statistical yearbook. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries, Tokyo, pp 348–349. (in Japanese)
Sugiyama M, Koba T et al (2019) Effects of liquefaction on the growth
of the next planting tomatoes in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake.
Mem Kyushu Okinawa Agric Res Cent 95:86–92 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Sumida H, Kato N, Nishida M (2005) Depletion of soil fertility and
crop productivity in succession of paddy rice-soybean rotation. Bull
Natl Agric Res Cent Tohoku Reg 103:39–52 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Suzuki K, Oguro HT et al (2008) Diversity and distribution of
indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia in the Okinawa Islands,
Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54:237–246
Takahashi S, Ihara H, Karasawa T (2016) Compost in pellet form and
compost moisture content affect phosphorus fractions of soil and
compost. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 62:399–404
Takata Y, Kuwagata T et al (2011) Delineation of Japanese soil
temperature regime map. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 57:294–302
Takeshita S (2017) Studies on history and topological characteristics of
rice terrace and irrigation canal in the mountains at the GIAHS. In:
Reports of studies on Takachihogo-Shiibayama GIAHS site
(ed) GIAHS research group, University of Miyazaki, pp 11–20.
(in Japanese)
Tanaka A (2009) Odor emission control during composting cattle
manure by using compost deodorization and utilization of nitrogen
enriched compost. J Jpn Assoc Odor Environ 40:229–234 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Tasaka K, Sasaki Y (2005) Recent trend of agriculture and farm
mechanization in Kyushu Okinawa Region. J Jpn Soc Agr Math
67:23–27 (in Japanese)
Terai T, Yamada Y et al (2006) Improvement of soil physical and
chemical properties by green manure cultivation during early period
of farm managements in Isahaya Bay polder. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant
NutrJ Soil Sci Plant Nutr 77:321–328 (in Japanese)
Thauer RK, Jungermann K, Decker K (1977) Energy conservation in
chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 41:100–180
The Kunisaki Peninsula Usa GIAHS promotion Association (2017)
What are GIAHS/What is Kunisaki Peninsula Usa integrated
forestry, agriculture and fisheries system|GIAHS—Sawtooth Oak
Forests and Irrigation Ponds Connecting the Kunisaki Peninsula
Usa Integrated Forestry Agriculture and Fisheries System. http://
www.kunisaki-usa-giahs.com/en/about_giahs/ (February 2018)
Tokashiki Y (1993) The characteristic properties of the shimajiri mahji
and jahgaru soil in okinawa prefectre. Pedologist 37:99–112 (in
Japanese)
Tokashiki Y, Shimo M, Oya K (1982) Clay minerals and some physical
properties of soil sediments eroded from reclamation land. Sci Bull
Fac Agric Univ Ryukyus 29:7–18 (in Japanese)
Tokashiki Y, Yamada T et al (1994) Physical properties of the surface
and the runoff soils of made land in Okinawa Island. Jpn J Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 65:115–125 (in Japanese)
Tokunaga T, Tanizaki T et al (1996) Emission of nitrous oxide from tea
field soil. Bull Yamaguchi Agric Expt Stn 47:59–66 (in Japanese
with English summary)
Toma Y, Clifton-Brown J et al (2013) Soil carbon stocks and carbon
sequestration rates in seminatural grassland in Aso region,
Kumamoto, Southern Japan. Glob Change Biol 19:1676–1687
Toma Y, Fernandez F et al (2010) Aboveground plant biomass, carbon,
and nitrogen dynamics before and after burning in a seminatural
grassland of Miscanthus sinensis in Kumamoto, Japan. GCB
Bioenergy 2:52–62
Uezono I, Nishina K et al (2013) Estimate of N 2 O emission of hog and
poultry manure compost from amount of acid detergent soluble
nitrogen. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 84:104–107 (in Japanese)
Uezono I, Kato N, Moriizumi M (2010a) Applicability of rapid analysis
by 80 °C-16 h hot water extraction for estimating available nitrogen
in upland soil in Japan. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 81:39–43 (in
Japanese)
Uezono I, Kato N, Moriizumi M (2010b) Rapid analysis of available
nitrogen in upland soil by simple measuring of chemical oxygen
demand of 80 °C-16 h hot water extract. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
81:252–255 (in Japanese)
Uezono I, Kato N, Moriizumi M (2012) Accuracy of various chemical
extraction methods for estimating available nitrogen in upland soils
and a comparison of the characteristics of extracted organic matter.
Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 81:555–563 (in Japanese with English
summary)
Wakiyama Y, Sakae S et al (2019) Property of rice growth cultivated on
paddy fields damaged by the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016. Mem
Kyushu Okinawa Agric Res Cent 95:49–66 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Yamada I, Kubotera H (1994) Tephras and Soils in Aso Region,
Central Kyushu, Japan. Report of Kyushu National Agricultural
Experiment Station, vol 83. Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Chikugo, pp 1–35. (in Japanese)
Yamamoto S, Yanai M et al (1996) Studies on the method of soil
improvement in the Kasaoka Bay polder (2) Effect of the underdrain
for the drainage and the salts exclusion. Bull Okayama Prefectural
Agric Exp Station 14:71–83 (in Japanese)
Yamane T, Wakiyama Y, Kubotera H (2011) Nitrous oxide emissions
from nitrogen-enriched cattle manure compost pellets applied to an
Andosol. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 82:234–238 (in Japanese)
364
Y. Arakawa et al.
Environ 21:174–184
Sasaki K (1970) Comparative geographical studies on shifting cultivation. Doctor thesis of Kyoto Univ. (in Japanese)
Seino K (1980) Rice and wheat cultivation in Kyushu. In: Kyushu
National Agricultural Experiment Station (ed) Shashin de miru
Kyushu no dojo to nogyo (Soil and agriculture in Kyushu seen in
photos). Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Chikugo, pp 37–38. (in Japanese)
Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA (2012) Comparing the yields of
organic and conventional agriculture. Nature 485:229–232
Shiiba Y, Uthumi Y (2010) Swidden agriculture at Okawachi
Settlement in Shiiba Village. Bull Kyushu Univ For 91:34–39 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Shiina Y, Itakura M et al (2014) Relationship between soil type and
N2O reductase genotype (nosZ) of indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia: nosZ-minus populations are dominant in andosols. Microbes
Environ 29:420–426
Shinjo T, Komiya Y et al (1993) Prevention of reddish soil loss in the
Kunigami maaji area by membrane of chemical stabilization.
Trans JSIDRE 166:97–104 (in Japanese)
Shinzato Y, Fukami K et al (2013) Effects of drainage improvement for
sugarcane fields by subsurface drainage and subsoiling. J Jpn Soc
Agric Mach 75:426–433 (in Japanese with English summary)
Shiraki M (2007) The effectiveness and prevalence of the solarization
method constructed in Miyazaki. Plant Prot 61:14–17 (in Japanese)
Shoji S, Ito T et al (1985) Properties of nonallophanic Andosols from
Japan. Soil Sci 140:264–277
Shoji S, Nanzyo M, Dahlgren R (1993) Volcanic ash soils: genesis,
properties and utilization. Elsevier, Amsterdam; Tokyo, pp 1–5, 44–
45, 54
Soil genesis and classification laboratory, National Institute for
Agro-Environmental Sciences (1997) Typology and regional characteristics of clay mineral composition in lowland soil in Japan.
http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/archive/niaes/sinfo/result/result13/
result13_02.html (in Japanese; May 2019)
Statistics Department, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries (2016) Area by type of cultivated land. In:
The 90th statistical yearbook. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries, Tokyo, pp 348–349. (in Japanese)
Sugiyama M, Koba T et al (2019) Effects of liquefaction on the growth
of the next planting tomatoes in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake.
Mem Kyushu Okinawa Agric Res Cent 95:86–92 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Sumida H, Kato N, Nishida M (2005) Depletion of soil fertility and
crop productivity in succession of paddy rice-soybean rotation. Bull
Natl Agric Res Cent Tohoku Reg 103:39–52 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Suzuki K, Oguro HT et al (2008) Diversity and distribution of
indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia in the Okinawa Islands,
Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54:237–246
Takahashi S, Ihara H, Karasawa T (2016) Compost in pellet form and
compost moisture content affect phosphorus fractions of soil and
compost. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 62:399–404
Takata Y, Kuwagata T et al (2011) Delineation of Japanese soil
temperature regime map. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 57:294–302
Takeshita S (2017) Studies on history and topological characteristics of
rice terrace and irrigation canal in the mountains at the GIAHS. In:
Reports of studies on Takachihogo-Shiibayama GIAHS site
(ed) GIAHS research group, University of Miyazaki, pp 11–20.
(in Japanese)
Tanaka A (2009) Odor emission control during composting cattle
manure by using compost deodorization and utilization of nitrogen
enriched compost. J Jpn Assoc Odor Environ 40:229–234 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Tasaka K, Sasaki Y (2005) Recent trend of agriculture and farm
mechanization in Kyushu Okinawa Region. J Jpn Soc Agr Math
67:23–27 (in Japanese)
Terai T, Yamada Y et al (2006) Improvement of soil physical and
chemical properties by green manure cultivation during early period
of farm managements in Isahaya Bay polder. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant
NutrJ Soil Sci Plant Nutr 77:321–328 (in Japanese)
Thauer RK, Jungermann K, Decker K (1977) Energy conservation in
chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 41:100–180
The Kunisaki Peninsula Usa GIAHS promotion Association (2017)
What are GIAHS/What is Kunisaki Peninsula Usa integrated
forestry, agriculture and fisheries system|GIAHS—Sawtooth Oak
Forests and Irrigation Ponds Connecting the Kunisaki Peninsula
Usa Integrated Forestry Agriculture and Fisheries System. http://
www.kunisaki-usa-giahs.com/en/about_giahs/ (February 2018)
Tokashiki Y (1993) The characteristic properties of the shimajiri mahji
and jahgaru soil in okinawa prefectre. Pedologist 37:99–112 (in
Japanese)
Tokashiki Y, Shimo M, Oya K (1982) Clay minerals and some physical
properties of soil sediments eroded from reclamation land. Sci Bull
Fac Agric Univ Ryukyus 29:7–18 (in Japanese)
Tokashiki Y, Yamada T et al (1994) Physical properties of the surface
and the runoff soils of made land in Okinawa Island. Jpn J Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 65:115–125 (in Japanese)
Tokunaga T, Tanizaki T et al (1996) Emission of nitrous oxide from tea
field soil. Bull Yamaguchi Agric Expt Stn 47:59–66 (in Japanese
with English summary)
Toma Y, Clifton-Brown J et al (2013) Soil carbon stocks and carbon
sequestration rates in seminatural grassland in Aso region,
Kumamoto, Southern Japan. Glob Change Biol 19:1676–1687
Toma Y, Fernandez F et al (2010) Aboveground plant biomass, carbon,
and nitrogen dynamics before and after burning in a seminatural
grassland of Miscanthus sinensis in Kumamoto, Japan. GCB
Bioenergy 2:52–62
Uezono I, Nishina K et al (2013) Estimate of N 2 O emission of hog and
poultry manure compost from amount of acid detergent soluble
nitrogen. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 84:104–107 (in Japanese)
Uezono I, Kato N, Moriizumi M (2010a) Applicability of rapid analysis
by 80 °C-16 h hot water extraction for estimating available nitrogen
in upland soil in Japan. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 81:39–43 (in
Japanese)
Uezono I, Kato N, Moriizumi M (2010b) Rapid analysis of available
nitrogen in upland soil by simple measuring of chemical oxygen
demand of 80 °C-16 h hot water extract. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
81:252–255 (in Japanese)
Uezono I, Kato N, Moriizumi M (2012) Accuracy of various chemical
extraction methods for estimating available nitrogen in upland soils
and a comparison of the characteristics of extracted organic matter.
Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 81:555–563 (in Japanese with English
summary)
Wakiyama Y, Sakae S et al (2019) Property of rice growth cultivated on
paddy fields damaged by the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016. Mem
Kyushu Okinawa Agric Res Cent 95:49–66 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Yamada I, Kubotera H (1994) Tephras and Soils in Aso Region,
Central Kyushu, Japan. Report of Kyushu National Agricultural
Experiment Station, vol 83. Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Chikugo, pp 1–35. (in Japanese)
Yamamoto S, Yanai M et al (1996) Studies on the method of soil
improvement in the Kasaoka Bay polder (2) Effect of the underdrain
for the drainage and the salts exclusion. Bull Okayama Prefectural
Agric Exp Station 14:71–83 (in Japanese)
Yamane T, Wakiyama Y, Kubotera H (2011) Nitrous oxide emissions
from nitrogen-enriched cattle manure compost pellets applied to an
Andosol. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 82:234–238 (in Japanese)
364
Y. Arakawa et al.