L.) dominant meadows. Jpn J Grassl Sci 34:169–177 (in Japanese
with English summary)
Kitagawa I, Tsukamoto Y (2014) Evaluation of technologies for
sequestering carbon in agricultural land by using organic filter
underdrains. Paddy Water Environ 12(Supp. 2):287–294
Kitagawa I, Takeuchi H et al (2008) The new drainage technology
“Cutting Drain” of digging type mole drain. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant
Nutr 79:313–316 (in Japanese)
Kusa K, Sawamoto T, Hatano R (2002) Nitrous oxide emissions for
6 years from a gray lowland soil cultivated with onions in
Hokkaido. Jpn Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 63:239–247
Land bureau, National land agency (1975–1979) Land classification
map 01 (Hokkaido I * VIII) (in Japanese)
Lee M-S, Mo WH, Koizumi H (2006) Soil respiration of forest
ecosystems in Japan and global implications. Ecol Res 21:828–839
Matsumoto T (2008) Studies on the fertility management of timothy
sward based on use of dairy cattle manures evaluated as available
nutrients. Report of Hokkaido Pref. Agric Exp Stn 121:1–61 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Matsumoto T, Tou S (2006) Risk assessment of nitrate pollution in
groundwater based on the environmental nitrogen-assimilation
capacity of agricultural lands in Hokkaido. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
77:17–24 (in Japanese)
Matsumoto T, Tamura T et al (2002) Simple estimation method for
nutrients content in dairy cattle manure. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
73:169–173 (in Japanese)
Matsunaka T, Saigusa T et al (2009) Decision support system for
application of manure and fertilizer to grassland and forage corn
field based on nutrient recycling. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 80:177–
182 (in Japanese)
Matsushita K, Igarashi Y, Ueda Y (1985) Genesis and transfiguration of
the Ishikari peat-land in Hokkaido. Rep Geol Surv Hokkaido
57:71–88
Miki N (1993) Study on the effective application of nitrogen fertilizer to
cutting sward based on evaluation of soil nitrogen release in
Tenpoku district. Rep Hokkaido Prefectural Exp Stations 79:1–98
(in Japanese with English summary)
Miki N, Higashida S et al (1987) Potassium application to orchardgrass
sward corresponding with soil potassium fertility in heavy clay soil
of tenpoku district. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 58:758–761 (in
Japanese)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2017)
Ministry of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism, water quality
hydrology database. http://www1.river.go.jp
Mizuno N (2001) Studies on soil characterization of conductive soil
and suppressing method for potato common scab. Jpn J Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 72:327–330 (in Japanese)
Mori A, Hojito M (2012) Effect of combined application of manure and
fertilizer on N 2 O fluxes from a grassland soil in Nasu. Jpn Agric
Ecosyst Environ 160:40–50
Morisada K, Ono K, Kanomata H (2004) Organic carbon stock in forest
soils in Japan. Geoderma 119:21–32
Nakamoto H (2007) Assessment for risk of groundwater contamination
caused by nitrate and reduction measures for reduction on onion
fields etc. Agric Hortic 82:482–488 (in Japanese)
Nakamura Y, Fujikawa T et al (1970) Distribution and dynamics of
some forest soil animals in Hokkaido. J Jap For Soc 52:80–88 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Nakatsu S, Tamura H (2008) Effects of thirty years continuous
application of organic materials (bark manure and crop residues) on
total carbon, total nitrogen and physical characteristics of upland
field soil in light colored andosol in Hokkaido. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant
Nutr 79:139–145 (in Japanese with English summary)
Nakatsu S, Higashida S, Sawazaki A (2004) Easy estimation method
for plow pan and effect of improved pan breaking. Jpn J Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 75:265–268
Naser HM, Nagata O et al (2007) Methane emissions from five paddy
fields with different amounts of rice straw application in central
Hokkaido. Jpn Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:95–101
Nishimune A, Sekiya S (1999) Hokkaido agriculture in the expansion
phase. In: Soil science and plant nutrition in Hokkaido agriculture,
1999. Hokunoukai, Sapporo. (in Japanese). pp 1–5
Niwa K, Yokobori J et al (2016) The monitoring of soil information
within an agricultural field using low altitude remote sensing. Water
Land Environ Eng 84:749–752 (in Japanese)
Ogawa A, Shibata H et al (2006) Relationship of topography to surface
water chemistry with particular focus on nitrogen and organic
carbon solutes within a forested watershed in Hokkaido. Jpn Hydrol
Process 20:251–265
Ohmura K, Kiso S, Sekijyo T (1985) Influences of manuring
management on changes in productivity and nutritional environment of volcanic ashy grassland. Bulletin Hokkaido Prefectural
Agric Exp Stations 52:65–76 (in Japanese with English summary)
Ohtomo R, Sakai O et al (2015) Reduced phosphate fertilization to
soybean cultivation in Hokkaido considering crop rotation
sequence. Jap J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 86:549–552
Oka N, Karasawa T, Okazaki K, Takebe M (2010) Maintenance of
soybean yield with reduced phosphorus application by previous
cropping with mycorrhizal plants. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:824–830
Okumura M, Yamagami M, Higashida S (1997) Rotation term and
sequence in upland crops for effective soil management. Jpn J Soil
Sci Plant Nutr 68:331–335 (in Japanese)
Onodera M, Nakamoto H, Okumura M (2004) Soil management based
on microbial activity (a-glucosidase activity) in clay soil of
vegetable field. New research results Hokkaido. (in Japanese).
pp 113–119
Park JH, Duan L et al (2010) Potential effects of climate change and
variability on watershed biogeochemical processes and water
quality in Northeast Asia. Environ Int 36:212–225
Saigusa T, Noshiro M (1990) K and P application on grassland
corresponding to the properties of andosols popular in eastern
Hokkaido, Transactions of the 14th international congress of soil
science, vol IV, pp 714–715
Saigusa T, Hojito M, Noshiro M (1997) Effects of Zinc and Cupper
application on timothy grasslands on andosols in Konsen district.
Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 68:453–457 (in Japanese)
Saigusa T, Hojito M, Noshiro M (1999) Effects of Zinc application on
timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grasslands in Konsen district. Jpn J
Soil Sci Plant Nutr 70:10–18
Sakuma T (1987) Agricultural zone and land use. In: Soil science and
plant nutrition in Hokkaido agriculture, 1987. Hokunoukai, Sapporo. (in Japanese). pp 1–8
Satoh F, Imai H, Okajima H (1982) Ionic composition of soil solutions
separated from forest soils and the stability of clay minerals in terms
of chemical equilibrium. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:219–226 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Satoh F, Sakuma T, Okajima H (1990) A toposequence of fine textured
soils in the hilly area of the northernmost part of Hokkaido, I.
Morphological Phys-Chem Prop Soil Sci Plant Nutr 36:9–21
Shibata H (2016) Impact of winter climate change on nitrogen
biogeochemistry in forest ecosystems: a synthesis from Japanese
case studies. Ecol Indic 65:4–9
Shibata H, Sugawara O et al (2004) Nitrogen dynamics in the
hyporheic zone of a forested stream during a small storm,
Hokkaido. Jpn Biogeochem 69:83–104
Shimizu M, Hatano R et al. (2014) Chapter 33—Mitigation effect of
farmyard manure application on greenhouse gas emissions from
5 Hokkaido Region
183
with English summary)
Kitagawa I, Tsukamoto Y (2014) Evaluation of technologies for
sequestering carbon in agricultural land by using organic filter
underdrains. Paddy Water Environ 12(Supp. 2):287–294
Kitagawa I, Takeuchi H et al (2008) The new drainage technology
“Cutting Drain” of digging type mole drain. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant
Nutr 79:313–316 (in Japanese)
Kusa K, Sawamoto T, Hatano R (2002) Nitrous oxide emissions for
6 years from a gray lowland soil cultivated with onions in
Hokkaido. Jpn Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 63:239–247
Land bureau, National land agency (1975–1979) Land classification
map 01 (Hokkaido I * VIII) (in Japanese)
Lee M-S, Mo WH, Koizumi H (2006) Soil respiration of forest
ecosystems in Japan and global implications. Ecol Res 21:828–839
Matsumoto T (2008) Studies on the fertility management of timothy
sward based on use of dairy cattle manures evaluated as available
nutrients. Report of Hokkaido Pref. Agric Exp Stn 121:1–61 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Matsumoto T, Tou S (2006) Risk assessment of nitrate pollution in
groundwater based on the environmental nitrogen-assimilation
capacity of agricultural lands in Hokkaido. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
77:17–24 (in Japanese)
Matsumoto T, Tamura T et al (2002) Simple estimation method for
nutrients content in dairy cattle manure. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
73:169–173 (in Japanese)
Matsunaka T, Saigusa T et al (2009) Decision support system for
application of manure and fertilizer to grassland and forage corn
field based on nutrient recycling. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 80:177–
182 (in Japanese)
Matsushita K, Igarashi Y, Ueda Y (1985) Genesis and transfiguration of
the Ishikari peat-land in Hokkaido. Rep Geol Surv Hokkaido
57:71–88
Miki N (1993) Study on the effective application of nitrogen fertilizer to
cutting sward based on evaluation of soil nitrogen release in
Tenpoku district. Rep Hokkaido Prefectural Exp Stations 79:1–98
(in Japanese with English summary)
Miki N, Higashida S et al (1987) Potassium application to orchardgrass
sward corresponding with soil potassium fertility in heavy clay soil
of tenpoku district. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 58:758–761 (in
Japanese)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2017)
Ministry of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism, water quality
hydrology database. http://www1.river.go.jp
Mizuno N (2001) Studies on soil characterization of conductive soil
and suppressing method for potato common scab. Jpn J Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 72:327–330 (in Japanese)
Mori A, Hojito M (2012) Effect of combined application of manure and
fertilizer on N 2 O fluxes from a grassland soil in Nasu. Jpn Agric
Ecosyst Environ 160:40–50
Morisada K, Ono K, Kanomata H (2004) Organic carbon stock in forest
soils in Japan. Geoderma 119:21–32
Nakamoto H (2007) Assessment for risk of groundwater contamination
caused by nitrate and reduction measures for reduction on onion
fields etc. Agric Hortic 82:482–488 (in Japanese)
Nakamura Y, Fujikawa T et al (1970) Distribution and dynamics of
some forest soil animals in Hokkaido. J Jap For Soc 52:80–88 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Nakatsu S, Tamura H (2008) Effects of thirty years continuous
application of organic materials (bark manure and crop residues) on
total carbon, total nitrogen and physical characteristics of upland
field soil in light colored andosol in Hokkaido. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant
Nutr 79:139–145 (in Japanese with English summary)
Nakatsu S, Higashida S, Sawazaki A (2004) Easy estimation method
for plow pan and effect of improved pan breaking. Jpn J Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 75:265–268
Naser HM, Nagata O et al (2007) Methane emissions from five paddy
fields with different amounts of rice straw application in central
Hokkaido. Jpn Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:95–101
Nishimune A, Sekiya S (1999) Hokkaido agriculture in the expansion
phase. In: Soil science and plant nutrition in Hokkaido agriculture,
1999. Hokunoukai, Sapporo. (in Japanese). pp 1–5
Niwa K, Yokobori J et al (2016) The monitoring of soil information
within an agricultural field using low altitude remote sensing. Water
Land Environ Eng 84:749–752 (in Japanese)
Ogawa A, Shibata H et al (2006) Relationship of topography to surface
water chemistry with particular focus on nitrogen and organic
carbon solutes within a forested watershed in Hokkaido. Jpn Hydrol
Process 20:251–265
Ohmura K, Kiso S, Sekijyo T (1985) Influences of manuring
management on changes in productivity and nutritional environment of volcanic ashy grassland. Bulletin Hokkaido Prefectural
Agric Exp Stations 52:65–76 (in Japanese with English summary)
Ohtomo R, Sakai O et al (2015) Reduced phosphate fertilization to
soybean cultivation in Hokkaido considering crop rotation
sequence. Jap J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 86:549–552
Oka N, Karasawa T, Okazaki K, Takebe M (2010) Maintenance of
soybean yield with reduced phosphorus application by previous
cropping with mycorrhizal plants. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:824–830
Okumura M, Yamagami M, Higashida S (1997) Rotation term and
sequence in upland crops for effective soil management. Jpn J Soil
Sci Plant Nutr 68:331–335 (in Japanese)
Onodera M, Nakamoto H, Okumura M (2004) Soil management based
on microbial activity (a-glucosidase activity) in clay soil of
vegetable field. New research results Hokkaido. (in Japanese).
pp 113–119
Park JH, Duan L et al (2010) Potential effects of climate change and
variability on watershed biogeochemical processes and water
quality in Northeast Asia. Environ Int 36:212–225
Saigusa T, Noshiro M (1990) K and P application on grassland
corresponding to the properties of andosols popular in eastern
Hokkaido, Transactions of the 14th international congress of soil
science, vol IV, pp 714–715
Saigusa T, Hojito M, Noshiro M (1997) Effects of Zinc and Cupper
application on timothy grasslands on andosols in Konsen district.
Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 68:453–457 (in Japanese)
Saigusa T, Hojito M, Noshiro M (1999) Effects of Zinc application on
timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grasslands in Konsen district. Jpn J
Soil Sci Plant Nutr 70:10–18
Sakuma T (1987) Agricultural zone and land use. In: Soil science and
plant nutrition in Hokkaido agriculture, 1987. Hokunoukai, Sapporo. (in Japanese). pp 1–8
Satoh F, Imai H, Okajima H (1982) Ionic composition of soil solutions
separated from forest soils and the stability of clay minerals in terms
of chemical equilibrium. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:219–226 (in
Japanese with English summary)
Satoh F, Sakuma T, Okajima H (1990) A toposequence of fine textured
soils in the hilly area of the northernmost part of Hokkaido, I.
Morphological Phys-Chem Prop Soil Sci Plant Nutr 36:9–21
Shibata H (2016) Impact of winter climate change on nitrogen
biogeochemistry in forest ecosystems: a synthesis from Japanese
case studies. Ecol Indic 65:4–9
Shibata H, Sugawara O et al (2004) Nitrogen dynamics in the
hyporheic zone of a forested stream during a small storm,
Hokkaido. Jpn Biogeochem 69:83–104
Shimizu M, Hatano R et al. (2014) Chapter 33—Mitigation effect of
farmyard manure application on greenhouse gas emissions from
5 Hokkaido Region
183