52
The common errors that can occur during collection of flora fauna sample are as
follows:
• Not collecting sample in all the major ecosystem (e.g. agricultural, forest, built,
coastal)
• Collection of samples in a single season during daytime
• Neglecting species that are often difficult to search and identify (e.g. insects and
annelids)
3.3 Impact Prediction
The EIA exercise is about prediction of a project (Glasson et al. 1999) but uncertainty is not avoidable in EIA predictions due to the complex and several reasons
that have been confirmed by post-audit studies (Flyvbjerg et al. 2003; Wood et al.
2000; Buckley 1992). Tenney et al. (2006) have highlighted key causes for uncertainty in assessing environmental impact that include modelling errors, project
changes, bias introduced and errors in data. Studies conducted by Teigland (2000),
Dipper et al. (1998), Bisset and Tomlinson (1988), and Almeida and Montaño
(2017) revealed inaccuracy in many of the cases. The shortcomings of EIA should
not become total elimination of the process from decision-making with respect to
major projects, but the assessor shall be well aware of possible reasons for causes of
uncertainty.
Environmental impact assessment methods can be categorized as follows:
(i) Ad-hoc method
(ii) Checklist
(iii) Matrix
(iv) Network
(v) Overlays
(vi) Environmental Index
(vii) Cost–Benefit Analysis
Appropriate method depends on the judgement and experience of the analyst.
3.3.1 Ad-Hoc Method
In this method, areas of expected impacts are identified and are qualitatively
grouped.
3 Environmental Impact Assessment
The common errors that can occur during collection of flora fauna sample are as
follows:
• Not collecting sample in all the major ecosystem (e.g. agricultural, forest, built,
coastal)
• Collection of samples in a single season during daytime
• Neglecting species that are often difficult to search and identify (e.g. insects and
annelids)
3.3 Impact Prediction
The EIA exercise is about prediction of a project (Glasson et al. 1999) but uncertainty is not avoidable in EIA predictions due to the complex and several reasons
that have been confirmed by post-audit studies (Flyvbjerg et al. 2003; Wood et al.
2000; Buckley 1992). Tenney et al. (2006) have highlighted key causes for uncertainty in assessing environmental impact that include modelling errors, project
changes, bias introduced and errors in data. Studies conducted by Teigland (2000),
Dipper et al. (1998), Bisset and Tomlinson (1988), and Almeida and Montaño
(2017) revealed inaccuracy in many of the cases. The shortcomings of EIA should
not become total elimination of the process from decision-making with respect to
major projects, but the assessor shall be well aware of possible reasons for causes of
uncertainty.
Environmental impact assessment methods can be categorized as follows:
(i) Ad-hoc method
(ii) Checklist
(iii) Matrix
(iv) Network
(v) Overlays
(vi) Environmental Index
(vii) Cost–Benefit Analysis
Appropriate method depends on the judgement and experience of the analyst.
3.3.1 Ad-Hoc Method
In this method, areas of expected impacts are identified and are qualitatively
grouped.
3 Environmental Impact Assessment