16
• Doctrine of necessity
• Doctrine of absolute necessity
• Emergency
• Impracticability
• Useless formality
• Government policy decision
To maintain and earn the trust of the people, international bodies, legislatures,
administrative agencies and courts must create, enforce and interpret the legislation
impartially. In spite of developing laws, their implementation is not fool-proof and
100% efficient (Chandrappa et al. 2011; Chandrappa and Das 2012; Chandrappa
and Das 2014; Chandrappa and Kulshrestha 2016). Laws can become a barrier to
achieving global health and equity due to arbitrary, misguided, outdated or discriminatory laws that have become source of corruption and caused great harm.
Some of the reasons for failure of enforcement of environmental law are as
follows:
• No synchronization between political priority and environmental goals
– Political priority to employment generation, boost in economy, foreign
exchange, national security
– Pleasing vote bank
– Pleasing donors of party fund
• Terrorism
• Political instability
• Political interference
• Lack stakeholder support
– Lack of support from users of non-environmental products and
– Lack of support from manufactures of non-environmental products
• Institutional barriers and conflicts of interest
– Low manpower
– Corruption
Bribery
Graft
Nepotism
Backdoor deals
Patronage
Falsification of statistics
Embezzlement
– Deviation of manpower for other responsibility like the following:
Election duty
Disaster management
District/departmental sports duty
1 Environmental Legislation
• Doctrine of necessity
• Doctrine of absolute necessity
• Emergency
• Impracticability
• Useless formality
• Government policy decision
To maintain and earn the trust of the people, international bodies, legislatures,
administrative agencies and courts must create, enforce and interpret the legislation
impartially. In spite of developing laws, their implementation is not fool-proof and
100% efficient (Chandrappa et al. 2011; Chandrappa and Das 2012; Chandrappa
and Das 2014; Chandrappa and Kulshrestha 2016). Laws can become a barrier to
achieving global health and equity due to arbitrary, misguided, outdated or discriminatory laws that have become source of corruption and caused great harm.
Some of the reasons for failure of enforcement of environmental law are as
follows:
• No synchronization between political priority and environmental goals
– Political priority to employment generation, boost in economy, foreign
exchange, national security
– Pleasing vote bank
– Pleasing donors of party fund
• Terrorism
• Political instability
• Political interference
• Lack stakeholder support
– Lack of support from users of non-environmental products and
– Lack of support from manufactures of non-environmental products
• Institutional barriers and conflicts of interest
– Low manpower
– Corruption
Bribery
Graft
Nepotism
Backdoor deals
Patronage
Falsification of statistics
Embezzlement
– Deviation of manpower for other responsibility like the following:
Election duty
Disaster management
District/departmental sports duty
1 Environmental Legislation