106
All treatment systems need not have all the primary, secondary, and tertiary
treatment. In the absence of suspended solids, which do not settle by reducing flow,
one can directly adopt secondary treatment. This is the case in many of the industries.
Still in this case, some of the problematic wastewater streams like waste arising
from pharmaceutical industry, distillery, or other complex chemical incineration
(controlled combustion) of wastewater work out to be the most economical and ecofriendly solution.
5.2.1 Water Treatment
The objective of water treatment is to remove constituents in naturally available
water pollutants, which would affect its proposed use. Different uses demand different quality. Water that is fit for drinking may not be suitable for diluting laboratory
reagents. Water used far bathing may not be used for boiler feed for generating
steam in industries.
Pure water from distillation is not good for human consumption as human body
demands some minerals. In a nutshell, potable water should have constituents in
concentration required by healthy body and at the same time should not have constituents in excess of concentration beyond which it is harmful to health.
Hence, drinking water standard stipulates:
• Limits to some constituents like iron, magnesium as concentration of these constituents would result in abnormality to health or aesthetically not acceptable
• Range to some constituents like fluorine as health will be affected above the
stipulated concentration and so as below these concentrations
• Nil to some constituents like E. coli, which is indicator of human faeces
contamination
Drinking water standards in all the countries will not have limits or range for all
the chemicals in the world and the entire microorganism in the world. The limits are
fixed to establish potable water quality within a practical time limit. Water treatment
plants including that of bottled premier brands would compare the water supplied or
sold with stipulated standards applicable to country or customer. The complex constituents like dioxins, furans and other persistent organic pollutants may still be
present in water supplied/sold but qualify for the quality requirement.
With time, understanding of science has improved, and so as the water quality
standards adopted by various countries. That means quality standards are not ultimate, and there are still scope for change.
The following sections briefly explain common treatment methods adopted in
drinking Water Treatment Plants (WTP).
5 Water and Wastewater Treatment
All treatment systems need not have all the primary, secondary, and tertiary
treatment. In the absence of suspended solids, which do not settle by reducing flow,
one can directly adopt secondary treatment. This is the case in many of the industries.
Still in this case, some of the problematic wastewater streams like waste arising
from pharmaceutical industry, distillery, or other complex chemical incineration
(controlled combustion) of wastewater work out to be the most economical and ecofriendly solution.
5.2.1 Water Treatment
The objective of water treatment is to remove constituents in naturally available
water pollutants, which would affect its proposed use. Different uses demand different quality. Water that is fit for drinking may not be suitable for diluting laboratory
reagents. Water used far bathing may not be used for boiler feed for generating
steam in industries.
Pure water from distillation is not good for human consumption as human body
demands some minerals. In a nutshell, potable water should have constituents in
concentration required by healthy body and at the same time should not have constituents in excess of concentration beyond which it is harmful to health.
Hence, drinking water standard stipulates:
• Limits to some constituents like iron, magnesium as concentration of these constituents would result in abnormality to health or aesthetically not acceptable
• Range to some constituents like fluorine as health will be affected above the
stipulated concentration and so as below these concentrations
• Nil to some constituents like E. coli, which is indicator of human faeces
contamination
Drinking water standards in all the countries will not have limits or range for all
the chemicals in the world and the entire microorganism in the world. The limits are
fixed to establish potable water quality within a practical time limit. Water treatment
plants including that of bottled premier brands would compare the water supplied or
sold with stipulated standards applicable to country or customer. The complex constituents like dioxins, furans and other persistent organic pollutants may still be
present in water supplied/sold but qualify for the quality requirement.
With time, understanding of science has improved, and so as the water quality
standards adopted by various countries. That means quality standards are not ultimate, and there are still scope for change.
The following sections briefly explain common treatment methods adopted in
drinking Water Treatment Plants (WTP).
5 Water and Wastewater Treatment