70
S. Turner-Walker et al.
Retnowati et al. 2014). Observations, as well as both ethnographic and participatory
research, were conducted to understand how farmers interpret and use the information on seasonal rainfall, rainfall variability, distribution and agricultural impacts.
These results discuss a CFS programme that taught farmers to start recording data
on a quantitative basis and transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge of agro
climate factors. The CFS programme was first held in Gunung Kidul District in 2007
with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture whose implementation was in collaboration with the Institute for Agricultural Training Assessment (BPTP). The Farmers
Group in Wareng IV Hamlet (Wareng Village, Wonosari Sub-district), were chosen
to be one of the pilot projects for implementing the CFS programme in Yogyakarta.
The Indonesian government CFSs are in several places in Java. As the first CFS,
designed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesian scholars and foreign counterparts, were introduced in Indramayu District, West Java Province in 2003, developing
the CFS practices to help improve analysis and anticipation of changes in weather
conditions. Meanwhile, from 2011 to 2018, the CFS has been implemented in 316
locations spread across 33 provinces in Indonesia with a total of 8,000 participants
(BMKG 2019a). During 2012 and 2013 focus group discussion (FGD) with 200
representatives of farmers and sub-districts officials in karst area ofGunung Kidul,
there were not yet specific climate change adaptation programmes introduced to the
farmers (groups) through sub-district (local) government. Climate information had
only been introduced within the agriculture and environmental agency and the BPBD
recently in the last decade, and discussion of climate change has also taken place at
the regional level. The Regional Board of Disaster Management deal with potential disaster events due to climatic change, but the incorporation of climate change
information falls within the jurisdiction of BMKG. Field instructors and officers for
plant pest observation and control were charged with the role of agricultural extension
workers transferring climate knowledge and measures to the farmers. Hence, some
programmes led by BMKG on climate field school targeted these agents. Farmers that
had no involvement with the CFS continued to develop climate adaptation strategies
based on their experiences, observation and knowledge of local environment without
this information. Therefore, the agriculture programme introduced by the Regional
and Local Government was adjusted based on the farmers’ understanding of their
surrounding ecosystem.
The national government through BMKG put higher consideration on climatic
factors following the impact of tropical cyclone Cempaka which hit the southern
part of Java and Bali during 22 November 2017–1 December 2017. Following the
cyclone impacts, the CFS also began targeting fishermen as well as the farmers.
Information from farmers and Observers of Plant Pest Organisms (POPT) officers
stated that CFS, which had the cost of assistance covered by the central government,
had been carried out in several villages in Gunung Kidul District. BMKG has implemented the CFS programme, which became known as the CFS-BMKG from 2011
to 2018 with the CFS being one of BMKG’s efforts to improve climate literacy and
dissemination of climate information for agriculture. This falls under accordance
with Presidential Instruction Number 5 of 2011, namely Safeguarding National Rice
Production in the Face of Extreme Climate Conditions. CFS is also in line with the
S. Turner-Walker et al.
Retnowati et al. 2014). Observations, as well as both ethnographic and participatory
research, were conducted to understand how farmers interpret and use the information on seasonal rainfall, rainfall variability, distribution and agricultural impacts.
These results discuss a CFS programme that taught farmers to start recording data
on a quantitative basis and transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge of agro
climate factors. The CFS programme was first held in Gunung Kidul District in 2007
with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture whose implementation was in collaboration with the Institute for Agricultural Training Assessment (BPTP). The Farmers
Group in Wareng IV Hamlet (Wareng Village, Wonosari Sub-district), were chosen
to be one of the pilot projects for implementing the CFS programme in Yogyakarta.
The Indonesian government CFSs are in several places in Java. As the first CFS,
designed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesian scholars and foreign counterparts, were introduced in Indramayu District, West Java Province in 2003, developing
the CFS practices to help improve analysis and anticipation of changes in weather
conditions. Meanwhile, from 2011 to 2018, the CFS has been implemented in 316
locations spread across 33 provinces in Indonesia with a total of 8,000 participants
(BMKG 2019a). During 2012 and 2013 focus group discussion (FGD) with 200
representatives of farmers and sub-districts officials in karst area ofGunung Kidul,
there were not yet specific climate change adaptation programmes introduced to the
farmers (groups) through sub-district (local) government. Climate information had
only been introduced within the agriculture and environmental agency and the BPBD
recently in the last decade, and discussion of climate change has also taken place at
the regional level. The Regional Board of Disaster Management deal with potential disaster events due to climatic change, but the incorporation of climate change
information falls within the jurisdiction of BMKG. Field instructors and officers for
plant pest observation and control were charged with the role of agricultural extension
workers transferring climate knowledge and measures to the farmers. Hence, some
programmes led by BMKG on climate field school targeted these agents. Farmers that
had no involvement with the CFS continued to develop climate adaptation strategies
based on their experiences, observation and knowledge of local environment without
this information. Therefore, the agriculture programme introduced by the Regional
and Local Government was adjusted based on the farmers’ understanding of their
surrounding ecosystem.
The national government through BMKG put higher consideration on climatic
factors following the impact of tropical cyclone Cempaka which hit the southern
part of Java and Bali during 22 November 2017–1 December 2017. Following the
cyclone impacts, the CFS also began targeting fishermen as well as the farmers.
Information from farmers and Observers of Plant Pest Organisms (POPT) officers
stated that CFS, which had the cost of assistance covered by the central government,
had been carried out in several villages in Gunung Kidul District. BMKG has implemented the CFS programme, which became known as the CFS-BMKG from 2011
to 2018 with the CFS being one of BMKG’s efforts to improve climate literacy and
dissemination of climate information for agriculture. This falls under accordance
with Presidential Instruction Number 5 of 2011, namely Safeguarding National Rice
Production in the Face of Extreme Climate Conditions. CFS is also in line with the