56
S. Turner-Walker et al.
Case Study Approach
Two cases are drawn upon as comparative case studies for investigation and as examples of “putting into practice” adaptation in the development sector through national
programming. This chapter provides a focus on the tensions between climate change
adaptation programming globally or nationally influenced in design, yet dependent
on implementation as activities at local village levels. In drawing on comparative
findings between these two case studies, this research aimed to convey how attempts
to increase adaptive capacity through adaptation interventions, intersect with the
village-level locally determined strategies and systems for governing resources, and
adaptive practices or strategies. In two coastal farming areas in the southern part of the
Yogyakarta Region in Central Java, a series of interviews conducted over a duration
of years, depict the community-level experiences of adaptation activities integrated
into national development planning. The data collection phase of this research sought
to elicit both community views regarding the interaction with climate change adaptation programming, as well as the views of implementers. However, presented in this
chapter are only the common themes understood from semi-structured interviews
taken with a sample of farmers across two sub-districts, directly on their views and
experiences of these two programmes. The findings taken from the series of interviews and focus group discussions with farmers in the two case studies emphasise
the ways that the local community were engaged during project implementation and
responded to this programming. Semi-structured qualitative interviews for case study
one were undertaken with households during 2019 selected on a rolling sample basis
with both direct project participant and non-participant farmers from these villages
and combined with earlier data captured in 2011 and 2013 (see Anantasari et al.
2011 and Retnowati et al. 2014) with follow-up interviews with the same participants conducted again in 2019. The interview questions focused on the impacts of
climate change, the sociocultural processes and conceptions of land management
adaptation over generations by the farming community, as well as interactions with
programme activities.
The first case study in which findings are presented, describes findings of farmer
experiences, of the village-level activities and processes of implementation and
engagement undertaken in one sub-district area (consisting of three villages) of
Kulon Progo District in Yogyakarta Region under a national climate adaptation
programme. This programme was implemented under the Ministry of Marine Affairs
and Fisheries (MMAF) through the local district government. The ‘resilient coastal
village development’ programme (Pengembangan Desa Pesisir Tangguh or ‘PDPT’)
was implemented nationally in Indonesia across a total of 66 coastal villages in
22 districts and cities during 2012–2014 (MMAF 2015). The second case study—
describes community-level farmers in Gunung Kidul in the Yogyakarta region, and
their interactions with climate change adaptation programming implemented through
agricultural extension (initiated under the Ministry of Agriculture, and National
Council on Climate Change) Climate Field School (CFS) programme experiences
(Anantasari et al. 2011; Retnowati et al. 2014). The CFS programme was first held
S. Turner-Walker et al.
Case Study Approach
Two cases are drawn upon as comparative case studies for investigation and as examples of “putting into practice” adaptation in the development sector through national
programming. This chapter provides a focus on the tensions between climate change
adaptation programming globally or nationally influenced in design, yet dependent
on implementation as activities at local village levels. In drawing on comparative
findings between these two case studies, this research aimed to convey how attempts
to increase adaptive capacity through adaptation interventions, intersect with the
village-level locally determined strategies and systems for governing resources, and
adaptive practices or strategies. In two coastal farming areas in the southern part of the
Yogyakarta Region in Central Java, a series of interviews conducted over a duration
of years, depict the community-level experiences of adaptation activities integrated
into national development planning. The data collection phase of this research sought
to elicit both community views regarding the interaction with climate change adaptation programming, as well as the views of implementers. However, presented in this
chapter are only the common themes understood from semi-structured interviews
taken with a sample of farmers across two sub-districts, directly on their views and
experiences of these two programmes. The findings taken from the series of interviews and focus group discussions with farmers in the two case studies emphasise
the ways that the local community were engaged during project implementation and
responded to this programming. Semi-structured qualitative interviews for case study
one were undertaken with households during 2019 selected on a rolling sample basis
with both direct project participant and non-participant farmers from these villages
and combined with earlier data captured in 2011 and 2013 (see Anantasari et al.
2011 and Retnowati et al. 2014) with follow-up interviews with the same participants conducted again in 2019. The interview questions focused on the impacts of
climate change, the sociocultural processes and conceptions of land management
adaptation over generations by the farming community, as well as interactions with
programme activities.
The first case study in which findings are presented, describes findings of farmer
experiences, of the village-level activities and processes of implementation and
engagement undertaken in one sub-district area (consisting of three villages) of
Kulon Progo District in Yogyakarta Region under a national climate adaptation
programme. This programme was implemented under the Ministry of Marine Affairs
and Fisheries (MMAF) through the local district government. The ‘resilient coastal
village development’ programme (Pengembangan Desa Pesisir Tangguh or ‘PDPT’)
was implemented nationally in Indonesia across a total of 66 coastal villages in
22 districts and cities during 2012–2014 (MMAF 2015). The second case study—
describes community-level farmers in Gunung Kidul in the Yogyakarta region, and
their interactions with climate change adaptation programming implemented through
agricultural extension (initiated under the Ministry of Agriculture, and National
Council on Climate Change) Climate Field School (CFS) programme experiences
(Anantasari et al. 2011; Retnowati et al. 2014). The CFS programme was first held