Preface
The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on
1.5 Degree in 2018 highlights that impacts on natural and human systems from
global warming have already been observed. Many land and ocean ecosystems and
some of the services they provide have already changed due to global warming.
Adaptation and mitigation actions are already in progress. Sea level rise will
continue beyond 2100 even if global warming is limited to 1.5 °C in the twenty-first
century. Future climate-related risks would be reduced by the upscaling and
acceleration of far-reaching, multilevel, and cross-sectoral climate mitigation and by
both incremental and transformational adaptation. Climate-related risks to health,
livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security, and economic growth are
projected to increase with global warming of 1.5 °C, and increase further with 2 °C.
Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Its geographical situation in the Equatorial line, in between the Indian and Pacific oceans,
leads the country to experience strong and severe El-Nino in the past. Its physical
conditions of being low-lying coastal islands put the country to be extremely
vulnerable to floods and sea level rise like other small island states. The country
also hosts some of the most protected biodiversity of the Coral Triangle and tropical
rain forest that are under threat from climate change due to ocean acidification and
forest fires. At the same time, the country is also one of the largest emitters of
GHGs. Among various challenges are the rapid deforestation and forest fires for
land clearing in the past that had emitted an enormous ton of Greenhouse gasses
(GHGs).
There are many initiatives to understand and deal with the impacts of climate
change in the country. The national government, led by the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, has issued key documents that include National Action
Plan for Climate Change. International agencies together with local stakeholders are
working on strengthening the capacity in the policy formulations and implementing
actions to build community resilience. Indonesian universities are conducting
researches on climate change at different scales. Cities and local governments are
implementing innovations in adapting to the impacts of climate change and transitioning toward a green economy.
v
The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on
1.5 Degree in 2018 highlights that impacts on natural and human systems from
global warming have already been observed. Many land and ocean ecosystems and
some of the services they provide have already changed due to global warming.
Adaptation and mitigation actions are already in progress. Sea level rise will
continue beyond 2100 even if global warming is limited to 1.5 °C in the twenty-first
century. Future climate-related risks would be reduced by the upscaling and
acceleration of far-reaching, multilevel, and cross-sectoral climate mitigation and by
both incremental and transformational adaptation. Climate-related risks to health,
livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security, and economic growth are
projected to increase with global warming of 1.5 °C, and increase further with 2 °C.
Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Its geographical situation in the Equatorial line, in between the Indian and Pacific oceans,
leads the country to experience strong and severe El-Nino in the past. Its physical
conditions of being low-lying coastal islands put the country to be extremely
vulnerable to floods and sea level rise like other small island states. The country
also hosts some of the most protected biodiversity of the Coral Triangle and tropical
rain forest that are under threat from climate change due to ocean acidification and
forest fires. At the same time, the country is also one of the largest emitters of
GHGs. Among various challenges are the rapid deforestation and forest fires for
land clearing in the past that had emitted an enormous ton of Greenhouse gasses
(GHGs).
There are many initiatives to understand and deal with the impacts of climate
change in the country. The national government, led by the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, has issued key documents that include National Action
Plan for Climate Change. International agencies together with local stakeholders are
working on strengthening the capacity in the policy formulations and implementing
actions to build community resilience. Indonesian universities are conducting
researches on climate change at different scales. Cities and local governments are
implementing innovations in adapting to the impacts of climate change and transitioning toward a green economy.
v