218
N. Novita et al.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Primary Forest
Oil Palm
Secondary Forest
Soil Carbon (Mg C/ha)
100 - 290
50-100
30-50
15-30
0-15
Fig. 10.6 Soil C stocks (Mg C/ha) in different peat layers (cm) in primary forest, secondary forest,
and oil palm plantation sites in Tanjung Puting, Indonesia. Vertical bars are standard errors
where soil N content in the 0–15 cm peat depth (1.12%) was about 1.6 times higher
than in the peat layer >30 cm (0.72%).
The relatively deep peat and high C concentration throughout the profile in the
primary forest sites resulted in high soil carbon stocks. The shallow peat depth
coupled with lower C concentration resulted in lower C soil carbon stock in the
secondary forest that in primary forests. The mean soil C stock was higher in the
primary forest sites than in the oil palm plantation sites (p < 0.001; Fig. 10.6). The
mean soil C stock of oil palm plantations was about 47% of the mean of primary
forests. However, carbon density (carbon mass per unit of soil) remained high due
to high bulk density in the oil palm plantation sites.
Ecosystem C Stocks
The mean total ecosystem C stock of the primary forests was 1770 ± 123 Mg C/ha.
Total ecosystem C stock was 1038 Mg C/ha at Pesalat site and 2502 Mg C/ha in
Beguruh site (Fig. 10.7). In contrast, the mean total ecosystem C stock in the oil
palm plantations was 759 ± 36 Mg C/ha, less than half of the mean of the primary
forests (p < 0.001). Total ecosystem C stock for oil palm plantations showed relatively
low variation from a minimum of 567 Mg C/ha at OP1 to a maximum of 893 Mg
C/ha at OP5 (Fig. 10.7). The lowest ecosystem C stock was found at the secondary
forest.
Soil was a primary carbon pool in all land uses. Soil C pools contribute 3% of
the total ecosystem C stock in the primary forests, ranging from 74% at Pesalat site
to 92% at Beguruh site. In the oil palm plantations, soil comprised >95% of the
total ecosystem C stock in all sites. Lower contribution of soil C pool to the total
ecosystem C stock (63%) was observed at Tanjung Harapan. Consequently, the ratio
N. Novita et al.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Primary Forest
Oil Palm
Secondary Forest
Soil Carbon (Mg C/ha)
100 - 290
50-100
30-50
15-30
0-15
Fig. 10.6 Soil C stocks (Mg C/ha) in different peat layers (cm) in primary forest, secondary forest,
and oil palm plantation sites in Tanjung Puting, Indonesia. Vertical bars are standard errors
where soil N content in the 0–15 cm peat depth (1.12%) was about 1.6 times higher
than in the peat layer >30 cm (0.72%).
The relatively deep peat and high C concentration throughout the profile in the
primary forest sites resulted in high soil carbon stocks. The shallow peat depth
coupled with lower C concentration resulted in lower C soil carbon stock in the
secondary forest that in primary forests. The mean soil C stock was higher in the
primary forest sites than in the oil palm plantation sites (p < 0.001; Fig. 10.6). The
mean soil C stock of oil palm plantations was about 47% of the mean of primary
forests. However, carbon density (carbon mass per unit of soil) remained high due
to high bulk density in the oil palm plantation sites.
Ecosystem C Stocks
The mean total ecosystem C stock of the primary forests was 1770 ± 123 Mg C/ha.
Total ecosystem C stock was 1038 Mg C/ha at Pesalat site and 2502 Mg C/ha in
Beguruh site (Fig. 10.7). In contrast, the mean total ecosystem C stock in the oil
palm plantations was 759 ± 36 Mg C/ha, less than half of the mean of the primary
forests (p < 0.001). Total ecosystem C stock for oil palm plantations showed relatively
low variation from a minimum of 567 Mg C/ha at OP1 to a maximum of 893 Mg
C/ha at OP5 (Fig. 10.7). The lowest ecosystem C stock was found at the secondary
forest.
Soil was a primary carbon pool in all land uses. Soil C pools contribute 3% of
the total ecosystem C stock in the primary forests, ranging from 74% at Pesalat site
to 92% at Beguruh site. In the oil palm plantations, soil comprised >95% of the
total ecosystem C stock in all sites. Lower contribution of soil C pool to the total
ecosystem C stock (63%) was observed at Tanjung Harapan. Consequently, the ratio