1 Introduction
9
There is importance to the realization of low carbon economy, yet Indonesia must
balance the tradeoff between social, economic, and environmental benefits in order
to achieve low carbon pathway. Engaging multiple stakeholders, removing the fossil
fuel subsidies, and simplifying the bureaucracy could accelerate the transition toward
low carbon development.
References
Djalante R, Thomalla F, Sinapoy MS, Carnegie M (2012) Building resilience to natural hazards in
Indonesia: progress and challenges in implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action. Natural
Hazards 62(3):779–803
Djalante R, Garschagen M, Thomalla F, Shaw R (eds) (2017) Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia:
progress, challenges, and issues, Springer
EMDAT (2020) https://public.emdat.be/
Glaeser B, Glaser M (2010) Global change and coastal threats: the Indonesian case. An attempt in
multi-level social-ecological research. Human Ecol Rev 1:135–147
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hoegh-Guldberg H, Veron JEN, Green A, Gomez ED, Ambariyanto A, Hansen
L (2009) The coral triangle and climate change: ecosystems, people and societies at risk
IPCC (2018) Global warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming
of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in
the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. In: Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner HO, Roberts
D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R, Connors S, Matthews
JBR, Chen Y, Zhou X, Gomis MI, Lonnoy E, Maycock T, Tignor M, Waterfield T (eds), In Press
Keller BD, Gleason DF, McLeod E, Woodley CM, Airamé S, Causey BD, Friedlander AM et al.
(2009) Climate change, coral reef ecosystems, and management options for marine protected
areas. Environ Manage 44(6):1069–1088
McClanahan TR, Donner SD, Maynard JA, MacNeil MA, Graham NA, Maina J, Baker AC et al.
(2012) Prioritizing key resilience indicators to support coral reef management in a changing
climate. PloS one 7(8):e42884
Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) (2007) Third National Communication under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry
Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) (2017) Third National Communication under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry
Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) (2019) Low carbon development: a
paradigm shift towards a green economy in Indonesia. Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of National
Development Planning
Murray JP, Grenyer R, Wunder S, Raes N, Jones JP (2015) Spatial patterns of carbon, biodiversity,
deforestation threat, and REDD+ projects in Indonesia. Conserv Biol 29(5):1434–1445
Naylor RL, Battisti DS, Vimont DJ, Falcon WP, Burke MB (2007) Assessing risks of climate
variability and climate change for Indonesian rice agriculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(19):7752–
7757
Paoli GD, Wells PL, Meijaard E, Struebig MJ, Marshall AJ, Obidzinski K, Tan A, Rafiastanto A,
Yaap B, Slik JF, Morel A (2010) Biodiversity conservation in the REDD. Carbon Balance Manage
5(1):7
Wijaya A, Chrysolite H, Ge M, Wibowo C, Pradana A, Utami A, Austin K (2017) How can Indonesia
achieve its climate change mitigation goal? An analysis of potential emissions reductions from
energy and land-use policies. Working Paper. Jakarta, Indonesia: World Resources Institute
9
There is importance to the realization of low carbon economy, yet Indonesia must
balance the tradeoff between social, economic, and environmental benefits in order
to achieve low carbon pathway. Engaging multiple stakeholders, removing the fossil
fuel subsidies, and simplifying the bureaucracy could accelerate the transition toward
low carbon development.
References
Djalante R, Thomalla F, Sinapoy MS, Carnegie M (2012) Building resilience to natural hazards in
Indonesia: progress and challenges in implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action. Natural
Hazards 62(3):779–803
Djalante R, Garschagen M, Thomalla F, Shaw R (eds) (2017) Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia:
progress, challenges, and issues, Springer
EMDAT (2020) https://public.emdat.be/
Glaeser B, Glaser M (2010) Global change and coastal threats: the Indonesian case. An attempt in
multi-level social-ecological research. Human Ecol Rev 1:135–147
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hoegh-Guldberg H, Veron JEN, Green A, Gomez ED, Ambariyanto A, Hansen
L (2009) The coral triangle and climate change: ecosystems, people and societies at risk
IPCC (2018) Global warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming
of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in
the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. In: Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner HO, Roberts
D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R, Connors S, Matthews
JBR, Chen Y, Zhou X, Gomis MI, Lonnoy E, Maycock T, Tignor M, Waterfield T (eds), In Press
Keller BD, Gleason DF, McLeod E, Woodley CM, Airamé S, Causey BD, Friedlander AM et al.
(2009) Climate change, coral reef ecosystems, and management options for marine protected
areas. Environ Manage 44(6):1069–1088
McClanahan TR, Donner SD, Maynard JA, MacNeil MA, Graham NA, Maina J, Baker AC et al.
(2012) Prioritizing key resilience indicators to support coral reef management in a changing
climate. PloS one 7(8):e42884
Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) (2007) Third National Communication under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry
Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) (2017) Third National Communication under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry
Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) (2019) Low carbon development: a
paradigm shift towards a green economy in Indonesia. Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of National
Development Planning
Murray JP, Grenyer R, Wunder S, Raes N, Jones JP (2015) Spatial patterns of carbon, biodiversity,
deforestation threat, and REDD+ projects in Indonesia. Conserv Biol 29(5):1434–1445
Naylor RL, Battisti DS, Vimont DJ, Falcon WP, Burke MB (2007) Assessing risks of climate
variability and climate change for Indonesian rice agriculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(19):7752–
7757
Paoli GD, Wells PL, Meijaard E, Struebig MJ, Marshall AJ, Obidzinski K, Tan A, Rafiastanto A,
Yaap B, Slik JF, Morel A (2010) Biodiversity conservation in the REDD. Carbon Balance Manage
5(1):7
Wijaya A, Chrysolite H, Ge M, Wibowo C, Pradana A, Utami A, Austin K (2017) How can Indonesia
achieve its climate change mitigation goal? An analysis of potential emissions reductions from
energy and land-use policies. Working Paper. Jakarta, Indonesia: World Resources Institute