174
M. S. Sinapoy and S. Djalante
rich in natural resources (SDA) and has various customs, although it continues to
be displaced by advances in technology/information globally. Until then, the environmental carrying capacity is exceeded and threatens the sustainability of natural
resources (environmental damage and pollution). Geographically, it is located around
the equator between 94° 45
BT-141° 01
BT and 06° 08
LU-11° 05
LS and flanked
by two continents (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Pacific and Indian). Spatially,
the territorial area stretches from West to East along 5110 km and from North to
South 1888 km, and 65% is covered in the sea. The total area of seawater reaches 5.8
million km
2 , consisting of 0.3 million km
2 of territorial waters, and 2.8 million km
2
of archipelago waters, coupled with an area of EEZ (Indonesian Exclusive Economic
Zone) of 2.7 million km
2 (UNCLOS 1982). The number of islands reaches 17,507,
and has a coastline of 81,000 km, which is the second longest coastline in the world
after Canada. In addition, 40 inhabitants inhabit their coastal areas, to a degree which
has affected the existence and status of aquatic ecosystems. This means that coastal
communities with the simplicity of knowledge and technology are still able to maintain and preserve the surrounding marine environment. With the potential of Marine
Resources (SDL), Indonesia is a country with the most complete biodiversity in the
world.
Coastal and oceanic ecosystems have characteristics that must be understood
so that management meets the principles of sustainability. These characteristics
include (1) biological and non-biological components in coastal areas form a complex
ecosystem resulting from a variety of biophysical (ecological) processes from terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including wind, waves, tides, temperatures, and salinity.
Coastal ecosystems can be very resilient or otherwise very susceptible to environmental disturbances caused by both humans and natural disasters; (2) In coastal areas,
due to the variety of ecological components and advantages of location factors, there
are usually various uses for development interests, such as ponds, capture fisheries,
tourism, mining, industry, and settlements; (3) In a coastal area, in general, there
are more than one community group having different skills/expertise and pleasure
in working, such as farmers, fishermen, pond farmers, and others; and (4) Ecologically and economically, the use of a coastal area in monoculture (single use) is very
vulnerable to internal and external changes that lead to business failure.
Not only has abundant natural resources, Indonesia is also unique in terms of
ethnic diversity. In 2016, there were 1340 ethnic groups in Indonesia. With this
number, Indonesia ranks first as the country with the largest number of ethnic groups
in the world. Each of these tribes has a variety of life, traditions, or different cultures.
Some of them even have quite different ways of life with some tribes in Indonesia.
One of these tribes is the Bajo tribe, dubbed the “boat man.”
Bajo tribe, which was once part of the Sriwijaya Royal Navy, has the toughness and
skill in navigating the ocean. This tribe is also famous as a tribe that lives nomadically.
This tribe also reportedly lives freely around the sea between Indonesia and the
Philippines. However, as time went on, some of them decided to start living in a
certain place, and one of these places is in the Southeast Sulawesi Province. Southeast
Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a topography consisting of land
and sea complete with several small islands. The Southeast Sulawesi community
M. S. Sinapoy and S. Djalante
rich in natural resources (SDA) and has various customs, although it continues to
be displaced by advances in technology/information globally. Until then, the environmental carrying capacity is exceeded and threatens the sustainability of natural
resources (environmental damage and pollution). Geographically, it is located around
the equator between 94° 45
BT-141° 01
BT and 06° 08
LU-11° 05
LS and flanked
by two continents (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Pacific and Indian). Spatially,
the territorial area stretches from West to East along 5110 km and from North to
South 1888 km, and 65% is covered in the sea. The total area of seawater reaches 5.8
million km
2 , consisting of 0.3 million km
2 of territorial waters, and 2.8 million km
2
of archipelago waters, coupled with an area of EEZ (Indonesian Exclusive Economic
Zone) of 2.7 million km
2 (UNCLOS 1982). The number of islands reaches 17,507,
and has a coastline of 81,000 km, which is the second longest coastline in the world
after Canada. In addition, 40 inhabitants inhabit their coastal areas, to a degree which
has affected the existence and status of aquatic ecosystems. This means that coastal
communities with the simplicity of knowledge and technology are still able to maintain and preserve the surrounding marine environment. With the potential of Marine
Resources (SDL), Indonesia is a country with the most complete biodiversity in the
world.
Coastal and oceanic ecosystems have characteristics that must be understood
so that management meets the principles of sustainability. These characteristics
include (1) biological and non-biological components in coastal areas form a complex
ecosystem resulting from a variety of biophysical (ecological) processes from terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including wind, waves, tides, temperatures, and salinity.
Coastal ecosystems can be very resilient or otherwise very susceptible to environmental disturbances caused by both humans and natural disasters; (2) In coastal areas,
due to the variety of ecological components and advantages of location factors, there
are usually various uses for development interests, such as ponds, capture fisheries,
tourism, mining, industry, and settlements; (3) In a coastal area, in general, there
are more than one community group having different skills/expertise and pleasure
in working, such as farmers, fishermen, pond farmers, and others; and (4) Ecologically and economically, the use of a coastal area in monoculture (single use) is very
vulnerable to internal and external changes that lead to business failure.
Not only has abundant natural resources, Indonesia is also unique in terms of
ethnic diversity. In 2016, there were 1340 ethnic groups in Indonesia. With this
number, Indonesia ranks first as the country with the largest number of ethnic groups
in the world. Each of these tribes has a variety of life, traditions, or different cultures.
Some of them even have quite different ways of life with some tribes in Indonesia.
One of these tribes is the Bajo tribe, dubbed the “boat man.”
Bajo tribe, which was once part of the Sriwijaya Royal Navy, has the toughness and
skill in navigating the ocean. This tribe is also famous as a tribe that lives nomadically.
This tribe also reportedly lives freely around the sea between Indonesia and the
Philippines. However, as time went on, some of them decided to start living in a
certain place, and one of these places is in the Southeast Sulawesi Province. Southeast
Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a topography consisting of land
and sea complete with several small islands. The Southeast Sulawesi community