7 Resilience of Coastal Cities in Facing Climate Change: Reclamation …
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The answers to these questions, based on the results of research and opinions from
various sources such as NGO’s ForBali, academics and environmental practitioners,
they argue that coastal city governance must use a participatory sustainable development approach. So the choice of coastal reclamation efforts should be rejected,
because it does not prosper the local population and will increasingly reap flood
disasters and climate change disasters. The North Jakarta Bay and Benoa Bay in Bali
cases show these facts, the community is getting poorer and the floods are getting
more intense.
Contrast
Major cities in the world, historically, are located in coastal areas. Two-thirds of
cities in the world with population more than 2.5 million inhabitants, and 75% major
cities population in the world are also situated in coastal zones (UNESCO 1993;
Edgen 1993; in Kay and Alder 1999). Meanwhile, Indonesian coastal cities are
highly concentrated population. Almost 60% population in major cities of Java and
areas outside of Java Island inhabited coastal areas such as Jakarta-Special Capital
Region, Surabaya-East Java, Semarang-Central Java, Denpasar-Bali and MakassarSouth Sulawesi, Padang-West Sumatera, and Lombok-West Nusa Tenggara” (Dahuri
et al. 2001). Still, urban development and urban planning in Indonesia are biased to
mainland, so high population growth and concentration spread more in coastal areas.
In contrast, local government have imposed policies to solve the problem of the
limited land availability by conducting coastal reclamation instead.
Problem
The Indonesian government has not yet implemented a climate change disaster
management policy to encourage the formation of social security in coastal areas
and surrounding communities. However, the policy choice is taken by carrying out
reclamation in coastal areas. In fact, reclamation activities in these coastal areas have
caused social and physical problems. Increase flood and climate change disasters. In
this position, the Government (Central and Regional) has taken the wrong choice of
coastal area arrangement policies that do not adhere to the paradigm of sustainable
inclusive development and without listening to the aspirations of the community
and involving their participation because. Even though the community is the most
affected by climate change disasters.
123
The answers to these questions, based on the results of research and opinions from
various sources such as NGO’s ForBali, academics and environmental practitioners,
they argue that coastal city governance must use a participatory sustainable development approach. So the choice of coastal reclamation efforts should be rejected,
because it does not prosper the local population and will increasingly reap flood
disasters and climate change disasters. The North Jakarta Bay and Benoa Bay in Bali
cases show these facts, the community is getting poorer and the floods are getting
more intense.
Contrast
Major cities in the world, historically, are located in coastal areas. Two-thirds of
cities in the world with population more than 2.5 million inhabitants, and 75% major
cities population in the world are also situated in coastal zones (UNESCO 1993;
Edgen 1993; in Kay and Alder 1999). Meanwhile, Indonesian coastal cities are
highly concentrated population. Almost 60% population in major cities of Java and
areas outside of Java Island inhabited coastal areas such as Jakarta-Special Capital
Region, Surabaya-East Java, Semarang-Central Java, Denpasar-Bali and MakassarSouth Sulawesi, Padang-West Sumatera, and Lombok-West Nusa Tenggara” (Dahuri
et al. 2001). Still, urban development and urban planning in Indonesia are biased to
mainland, so high population growth and concentration spread more in coastal areas.
In contrast, local government have imposed policies to solve the problem of the
limited land availability by conducting coastal reclamation instead.
Problem
The Indonesian government has not yet implemented a climate change disaster
management policy to encourage the formation of social security in coastal areas
and surrounding communities. However, the policy choice is taken by carrying out
reclamation in coastal areas. In fact, reclamation activities in these coastal areas have
caused social and physical problems. Increase flood and climate change disasters. In
this position, the Government (Central and Regional) has taken the wrong choice of
coastal area arrangement policies that do not adhere to the paradigm of sustainable
inclusive development and without listening to the aspirations of the community
and involving their participation because. Even though the community is the most
affected by climate change disasters.