6 Engagement of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises …
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A different picture can be drawn for the industrial park in Muara Baru, Jakarta.
The industrial park nearby the sea predominately consists of fish processing mediumsized firms and small metal producers. The SMEs benefit from state-led adaptation
measures. Nearby two large pump houses and a water basin were constructed. Also,
the access street was enlarged and elevated. Lately, the protective seawall was heightened (Interviews Fisherman Authority 2017; Public Works DKI Jakarta 2017). In
addition to the improved infrastructure, the enterprises appreciate the proper support
from the industrial park management named PERUM and the local office of the
Fisherman Authority. PERUM is proactively cleaning the area and maintaining the
infrastructure. The management held regular meetings with the business owners
to talk about flood problems or lacking infrastructure. For small projects, such as
repairing potholes or damaged wall parts, the enterprises are providing the funding.
Regarding large projects, PERUM forwards the request of the SMEs to the governmental authorities (JM-3; JM-5). This case demonstrates that close dialogue between
the enterprises and the industrial park management enables the willingness of the
SMEs to engage in joint maintenance flood adaptation measures. In addition, the
enterprises are represented by powerful institutions (i.e., PERUM and Fishermen
authority) that push the SMEs’ demand for supportive flood risk reduction measures
provided by the government.
However, such sound flood governance remains an exception in Jakarta, as well.
For instance, enterprises in the industrial areas in the northwest of Jakarta (e.g., Kali
Deres, Cengkareng) experienced little interest from the government regarding their
flood exposure. A plastic products business owner (JS-1) in Kali Deres mentioned:
“Apparently, the government forgets the businesses and residents here because we
are too far away from the city center.” The industrial parks are not managed by any
authority and lack of collaboration. Also here, the government elevated the main
roads and the enterprises jointly clean sporadic the rivers and canals (JM-5; JS-2;
JS-5; JS-14). But for the main activities, the enterprises do not collaborate, also
not with governmental authorities or within business associations. The enterprises
individually elevate their plant and rely on their own pumps. The lack of engagement
of governmental authorities in flood risk reduction originates due to the spatial plans
for these industrial areas as a representative from BAPPEDA DKI Jakarta (2017)
stated
Based on detail spatial planning, industrial areas which are located in North Jakarta and East
Jakarta are highly exposed to rob [tidal flooding], floods, and land subsidence. We see some
firms in the flood-prone areas as a threat. They use groundwater extraction. […] Together
with the industrial agency, we are trying to reduce the number of manufacturing firms. We
are promoting the existing industries or new investments to move to Cikarang and Karawang.
Similarly, especially small enterprises at the riverbanks at Jakarta’ major rivers
(e.g., in Mampang Prapatan and Pejagalan) do not receive any support on flood
adaptation. Since the government dredged the river and enlarged the riverbank, the
enterprise will be evicted jointly with the residents (e.g., JS-8; JS-11; JS-12). Due to
113
A different picture can be drawn for the industrial park in Muara Baru, Jakarta.
The industrial park nearby the sea predominately consists of fish processing mediumsized firms and small metal producers. The SMEs benefit from state-led adaptation
measures. Nearby two large pump houses and a water basin were constructed. Also,
the access street was enlarged and elevated. Lately, the protective seawall was heightened (Interviews Fisherman Authority 2017; Public Works DKI Jakarta 2017). In
addition to the improved infrastructure, the enterprises appreciate the proper support
from the industrial park management named PERUM and the local office of the
Fisherman Authority. PERUM is proactively cleaning the area and maintaining the
infrastructure. The management held regular meetings with the business owners
to talk about flood problems or lacking infrastructure. For small projects, such as
repairing potholes or damaged wall parts, the enterprises are providing the funding.
Regarding large projects, PERUM forwards the request of the SMEs to the governmental authorities (JM-3; JM-5). This case demonstrates that close dialogue between
the enterprises and the industrial park management enables the willingness of the
SMEs to engage in joint maintenance flood adaptation measures. In addition, the
enterprises are represented by powerful institutions (i.e., PERUM and Fishermen
authority) that push the SMEs’ demand for supportive flood risk reduction measures
provided by the government.
However, such sound flood governance remains an exception in Jakarta, as well.
For instance, enterprises in the industrial areas in the northwest of Jakarta (e.g., Kali
Deres, Cengkareng) experienced little interest from the government regarding their
flood exposure. A plastic products business owner (JS-1) in Kali Deres mentioned:
“Apparently, the government forgets the businesses and residents here because we
are too far away from the city center.” The industrial parks are not managed by any
authority and lack of collaboration. Also here, the government elevated the main
roads and the enterprises jointly clean sporadic the rivers and canals (JM-5; JS-2;
JS-5; JS-14). But for the main activities, the enterprises do not collaborate, also
not with governmental authorities or within business associations. The enterprises
individually elevate their plant and rely on their own pumps. The lack of engagement
of governmental authorities in flood risk reduction originates due to the spatial plans
for these industrial areas as a representative from BAPPEDA DKI Jakarta (2017)
stated
Based on detail spatial planning, industrial areas which are located in North Jakarta and East
Jakarta are highly exposed to rob [tidal flooding], floods, and land subsidence. We see some
firms in the flood-prone areas as a threat. They use groundwater extraction. […] Together
with the industrial agency, we are trying to reduce the number of manufacturing firms. We
are promoting the existing industries or new investments to move to Cikarang and Karawang.
Similarly, especially small enterprises at the riverbanks at Jakarta’ major rivers
(e.g., in Mampang Prapatan and Pejagalan) do not receive any support on flood
adaptation. Since the government dredged the river and enlarged the riverbank, the
enterprise will be evicted jointly with the residents (e.g., JS-8; JS-11; JS-12). Due to