7.3 Conclusion
Increasing land-sea synergies is necessary in order to protect land and sea ecosystems, create sustainable and resilient coastal and sea regions and achieve the
sustainable development goals. The COASTAL project seeks to increase land-sea
synergies via an innovative dual approach using System Dynamics coupled with
participatory methods, by involving local stakeholders from representative EU
coastal regions to codesign business road map and policy alternatives. Initial work
identifying main issues and business opportunities from representative case studies
and the development of an inventory of best practice, successes and lessons learned
regarding land-sea synergies and coastal-rural collaborations has yielded preliminary
findings which indicate that new, innovative practices such as combined activities,
alternative forms of tourism, the development of renewable energies offshore or
coastal risk management strategies can play a role in creating a common vision for
the development of an interconnected rural-coastal-sea region. Policies are still
fragmented, but international initiatives (political and scientific) work towards
unified, multisectoral framework and a better integration of the land and sea ecosystems. The source-to-sea concept highlights the gaps and needs for a better
integration, cooperation and coordination of activities from the rural area to the
ocean in order to achieve a harmonized, sustainable development of a land-sea area.
Funding: This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement N
773782.
References
Akinsete, E., Apostolaki, S., Guittard, A., Elwattar, S., Koundouri, P., & Tsani, S. (2019).
COASTAL deliverable D09: Inventory of business opportunities and policy alternatives,
COASTAL EU H2020 project, 117 p.
Bigagli, E., Pérez Valverde, C., Abdul Malak, D., & Guitart, C. (2019). Tackling marine litter in the
mediterranean: Knowledge and tools, Policy report by the MED biodiversity protection
community’s working group “Biodiversity management and protection, Interreg Mediterranean,
40 p.
Borja, A., et al. (2010). Marine management – Towards an integrated implementation of the
European marine strategy framework and the water framework directives article. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 60(12), 2175–2186.
Brown, S., Nicholls, R., Woodroffe, C., Hanson, S., Hinkel, J., Kebede, A. S., et al. (2013). Sealevel rise impacts and responses: A global perspective (pp. 117–149). Dordrecht: Springer.
Degeorges, A., Goreau, T., & Reilly, B. (2010). Land-sourced Pollution with an emphasis on
domestic sewage: Lessons from the Caribbean and implications for coastal development on
Indian Ocean and Pacific coral reefs. Sustainability., 2, 2919–2949. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su2092919.
De Bel, M., Kok, S., & Hinkel, J. (2018). D5.1 policy brief: Leveraging public finance for coastal
adaptation, Green-Win project, H2020, 10 p. Retrieved from https://green-win-cloud.org/index.
php/s/jHH9sDV1TqHUzT3#pdfviewer
Emid, S. (2014). BREAKWATER – WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER Coastal defence and cheap
evergreen energy production, input paper. Prepared for the Global Assessment Report on
7 Increasing Land-Sea Synergies and Coastal-Rural Collaboration for a Healthy. . .
123
Increasing land-sea synergies is necessary in order to protect land and sea ecosystems, create sustainable and resilient coastal and sea regions and achieve the
sustainable development goals. The COASTAL project seeks to increase land-sea
synergies via an innovative dual approach using System Dynamics coupled with
participatory methods, by involving local stakeholders from representative EU
coastal regions to codesign business road map and policy alternatives. Initial work
identifying main issues and business opportunities from representative case studies
and the development of an inventory of best practice, successes and lessons learned
regarding land-sea synergies and coastal-rural collaborations has yielded preliminary
findings which indicate that new, innovative practices such as combined activities,
alternative forms of tourism, the development of renewable energies offshore or
coastal risk management strategies can play a role in creating a common vision for
the development of an interconnected rural-coastal-sea region. Policies are still
fragmented, but international initiatives (political and scientific) work towards
unified, multisectoral framework and a better integration of the land and sea ecosystems. The source-to-sea concept highlights the gaps and needs for a better
integration, cooperation and coordination of activities from the rural area to the
ocean in order to achieve a harmonized, sustainable development of a land-sea area.
Funding: This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement N
773782.
References
Akinsete, E., Apostolaki, S., Guittard, A., Elwattar, S., Koundouri, P., & Tsani, S. (2019).
COASTAL deliverable D09: Inventory of business opportunities and policy alternatives,
COASTAL EU H2020 project, 117 p.
Bigagli, E., Pérez Valverde, C., Abdul Malak, D., & Guitart, C. (2019). Tackling marine litter in the
mediterranean: Knowledge and tools, Policy report by the MED biodiversity protection
community’s working group “Biodiversity management and protection, Interreg Mediterranean,
40 p.
Borja, A., et al. (2010). Marine management – Towards an integrated implementation of the
European marine strategy framework and the water framework directives article. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 60(12), 2175–2186.
Brown, S., Nicholls, R., Woodroffe, C., Hanson, S., Hinkel, J., Kebede, A. S., et al. (2013). Sealevel rise impacts and responses: A global perspective (pp. 117–149). Dordrecht: Springer.
Degeorges, A., Goreau, T., & Reilly, B. (2010). Land-sourced Pollution with an emphasis on
domestic sewage: Lessons from the Caribbean and implications for coastal development on
Indian Ocean and Pacific coral reefs. Sustainability., 2, 2919–2949. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su2092919.
De Bel, M., Kok, S., & Hinkel, J. (2018). D5.1 policy brief: Leveraging public finance for coastal
adaptation, Green-Win project, H2020, 10 p. Retrieved from https://green-win-cloud.org/index.
php/s/jHH9sDV1TqHUzT3#pdfviewer
Emid, S. (2014). BREAKWATER – WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER Coastal defence and cheap
evergreen energy production, input paper. Prepared for the Global Assessment Report on
7 Increasing Land-Sea Synergies and Coastal-Rural Collaboration for a Healthy. . .
123