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individual differences. In 2012 2nd International Conference on
Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet)
(pp. 3673–3676). https://doi.org/10.1109/CECNet.2012.6202261.
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and outside: Integrating Emic and Etic insights about culture and
justice judgment. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 781–
796. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1999.2553253.
Mosa, A. A., Naz’ri bin Mahrin, M., & Ibrrahim, R. (2016).
Technological aspects of e-learning readiness in higher education:
A review of the literature. Computer and Information Science, 9(1),
113. https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n1p113.
Nakata, C., & Sivakumar, C. K. (1996). National culture and new
product development: An integrative review. Journal of Marketing,
60(1), 61–72.
Nistor, N., Lerche, T., Weinberger, A., Ceobanu, C., & Heymann, O.
(2014). Towards the integration of culture into the unified theory of
acceptance and use of technology. British Journal of Educational
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2012.01383.x.
O’Sullivan, Hartley, J., Saunders, D., Montgomery, M., & Fiske,
J. (1994). Key concepts in communication and cultural studies.
London and New York: Routledge.
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Tondeur, J. (2019). The technology
acceptance model (TAM): A meta-analytic structural equation
modeling approach to explaining teachers’ adoption of digital
technology in education. Computers & Education, 128(0317), 13–
35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.009.
Schwartz, S. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications
for work. Applied Psychology, 48(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1080/
026999499377655.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of
values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries.
In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental psychology (Vol.
25). Academic Press.
Simeonova, B., Bogolyubov, P., & Blagov, E. (2010). Use and
acceptance of learning platforms within universities. The Electronic
Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 26–37. Retrieved from
www.ejkm.com.
Smith, P. B., & Bond, M. H. (1998). Social psychology across cultures.
Prentice Hall.
Sondergaard, M. (1994). Research note: Hofstede’s consequences: A
Study of reviews citation and replications. Organization Studies, 15
(3), 447–456.
Straub, D., Keil, M., & Brenner, W. (1997). Testing the technology
acceptance model across cultures: A three country study. Information & Management, 33(1), 1–11.
Straub, D. (2002). Toward a theory-based measurement of culture.
Journal of Global Information Management, 10(1), 24–32.
Sun, H., & Zhang, P. (2006). The role of moderating factors in user
technology acceptance. International Journal of Human Computer
Studies, 64(2), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.04.013.
Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu, X. (2014). The effects of individual
differences on e-learning users’ behaviour in developing countries:
A structural equation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 41
(153–163).
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(CIA) Library, Saudi Arabia,. Retrieved July 31, 2016, from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/
sa.html.
Tomei, L. A. (2005). Taxonomy for the technology domain. Information Science Publishing.
Triandis, H. C. (1982). Dimensions of cultural variation as parameters
for organizational theories. International Studies of Management
and Organization, 12(4), 139–159.
Van Everdingen, Y. M., & Waarts, E. (2003). The effect of national
culture on the adoption of innovations. Marketing Letters, 14(3),
217–232. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027452919403.
Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2001). Do organizations reflect national
cultures? A 10-nation study. International Journal of Intercultural
Relations, 25(1), 89–107.
Williamson, D. (2002). Forward from a critique of Hofstede’s model of
national culture. Human Relations, 55(200211), 1373–1395. https://
doi.org/10.1177/00187267025511006.
Zakour, A. (2004). Cultural differences and information technology
acceptance. SAIS 2004 Proceedings.
26
4 Technology Adoption in Saudi Arabia
com/me/sa.htm.
Kalliny, M., & Gentry, L. (2007). Cultural values reflected in Arab and
American television advertising. Journal of Current Issues &
Research in Advertising, 29(1), 15–32.
Lu, H. -K., & Lin, P. -C. (2012). Toward an extended behavioral
intention model for e-learning: Using learning and teaching styles as
individual differences. In 2012 2nd International Conference on
Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet)
(pp. 3673–3676). https://doi.org/10.1109/CECNet.2012.6202261.
Morris, M. W., Ames, D., & Lickel, B. (1999). Views from the inside
and outside: Integrating Emic and Etic insights about culture and
justice judgment. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 781–
796. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1999.2553253.
Mosa, A. A., Naz’ri bin Mahrin, M., & Ibrrahim, R. (2016).
Technological aspects of e-learning readiness in higher education:
A review of the literature. Computer and Information Science, 9(1),
113. https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n1p113.
Nakata, C., & Sivakumar, C. K. (1996). National culture and new
product development: An integrative review. Journal of Marketing,
60(1), 61–72.
Nistor, N., Lerche, T., Weinberger, A., Ceobanu, C., & Heymann, O.
(2014). Towards the integration of culture into the unified theory of
acceptance and use of technology. British Journal of Educational
Technology, 45(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.
2012.01383.x.
O’Sullivan, Hartley, J., Saunders, D., Montgomery, M., & Fiske,
J. (1994). Key concepts in communication and cultural studies.
London and New York: Routledge.
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Tondeur, J. (2019). The technology
acceptance model (TAM): A meta-analytic structural equation
modeling approach to explaining teachers’ adoption of digital
technology in education. Computers & Education, 128(0317), 13–
35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.009.
Schwartz, S. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications
for work. Applied Psychology, 48(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1080/
026999499377655.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of
values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries.
In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental psychology (Vol.
25). Academic Press.
Simeonova, B., Bogolyubov, P., & Blagov, E. (2010). Use and
acceptance of learning platforms within universities. The Electronic
Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 26–37. Retrieved from
www.ejkm.com.
Smith, P. B., & Bond, M. H. (1998). Social psychology across cultures.
Prentice Hall.
Sondergaard, M. (1994). Research note: Hofstede’s consequences: A
Study of reviews citation and replications. Organization Studies, 15
(3), 447–456.
Straub, D., Keil, M., & Brenner, W. (1997). Testing the technology
acceptance model across cultures: A three country study. Information & Management, 33(1), 1–11.
Straub, D. (2002). Toward a theory-based measurement of culture.
Journal of Global Information Management, 10(1), 24–32.
Sun, H., & Zhang, P. (2006). The role of moderating factors in user
technology acceptance. International Journal of Human Computer
Studies, 64(2), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.04.013.
Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu, X. (2014). The effects of individual
differences on e-learning users’ behaviour in developing countries:
A structural equation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 41
(153–163).
The World Fact Book. (n.d.). The Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) Library, Saudi Arabia,. Retrieved July 31, 2016, from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/
sa.html.
Tomei, L. A. (2005). Taxonomy for the technology domain. Information Science Publishing.
Triandis, H. C. (1982). Dimensions of cultural variation as parameters
for organizational theories. International Studies of Management
and Organization, 12(4), 139–159.
Van Everdingen, Y. M., & Waarts, E. (2003). The effect of national
culture on the adoption of innovations. Marketing Letters, 14(3),
217–232. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027452919403.
Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2001). Do organizations reflect national
cultures? A 10-nation study. International Journal of Intercultural
Relations, 25(1), 89–107.
Williamson, D. (2002). Forward from a critique of Hofstede’s model of
national culture. Human Relations, 55(200211), 1373–1395. https://
doi.org/10.1177/00187267025511006.
Zakour, A. (2004). Cultural differences and information technology
acceptance. SAIS 2004 Proceedings.
26
4 Technology Adoption in Saudi Arabia