Appendix
Annex A.1: Inventory of Multilateral
Global Governance Mechanisms,
Institutions and Forums
Mechanism/process/organisation Relevant function
Trade Investment Innovation Security
of
supply
Externals
Major institutions with energy/climate gov. remit
World Trade Organization
(WTO)
Trade rules incl.
Environmental
Goods Agreement,
and dispute
resolution
G20
Energy principles and
activities on subsidies
removal, climate risk
disclosure, and
energy for all
OECD
Information and
policy guidance,
trade and investment
conventions
Multilateral development banks
e.g. World Bank, AIIB
Policy and tech.
assistance;
investment
guarantees (MIGA),
dispute resolution
(ICSID) and
investment standards
(IFC); gas flaring
United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP)
Climate adaptation,
energy access,
resilience
Bilateral investment treaties
(BIT)
Trade rules, recourse
to arbitration
Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation (SCO)
Economic, security
and resource
cooperation
Arctic Council
Intergovernmental
forum (Arctic
environment,
navigation)
UN Convention on the Law of
the Sea (UNCLOS)
International
navigation, boundary
disputes, marine
environment
(continued)
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W. Jigang and P. Webb