Nile Delta, strengthened the national grid, and
improved economic development and the efficient use of electricity. In addition, the project
boosted upstream and downstream industries
including power supply, electrical equipment and
raw materials in Egypt and the Middle East. It
created about 7,000 jobs for Egypt and achieved
win-win results for Sino-Egyptian cooperation.
In Pakistan, the Matiari-Lahore HVDC power
transmission project is a priority of the
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor of infrastructure projects. The link will be about 900 km
long and have a capacity of 4 GW. State Grid
Corporation of China is developing the project
on a BOOT (build, own, operate and transfer)
basis. When completed in 2021 the link will
transport much-needed power from the south,
where it is generated, to load centres in central
Pakistan.
The EuroAsia Interconnector is an HVDC
project that will connect the Greek mainland with
Crete, Cyprus and Israel using multi-terminal
flexible DC technology. The interconnector is
part of the European network of interconnected
electricity grids that provide bi-directional electricity supply through national transmission
operators. It will enable the three partner countries (Israel, Cyprus and Greece) to better utilise
their recently found offshore natural gas by
converting it into electricity for their own use and
for transmission to the rest of Europe. When
completed in 2023, the interconnector will be the
longest HVDC cable link in the world at
1,518 km and the deepest subsea cable at
3,000 m. The link will have a power capacity of
2 GW.
In the USA, Grid 2030—A National Vision
for Electricity’s Second 100 Years
59 is a report
published in 2003 by the U.S. Department of
Energy. The report clearly defines the vision for
the future US grid and emphasises the importance of nationwide interconnection and interconnection with Canada and Mexico. Grid 2030
consists of three major elements: (i) a national
electricity
framework
of
high-capacity
transmission corridors that link the east and west
coasts and connect with Canada and Mexico;
(ii) interconnected regional grids—power from
the corridors is distributed to regional networks
by long-distance AC transmission or, in some
cases, by expanded DC links; and high-capacity
DC interties are used to link adjacent, asynchronous grids; (iii) local, mini-grids and
microgrids. The nation’s local distribution systems are connected to the regional networks, and
through them to the national corridors. Real-time
monitoring and information exchange enable
markets to process transactions instantaneously
and on a national basis. Customers have the
ability to tailor their electricity supply.
(2) Related technologies
1. Long-distance power transmission technologies
Factors such as growing demand for power, the
challenges of integrating new energy with the
grid, intelligent power consumption and ever
stricter environmental requirements, are making
it increasingly difficult for conventional transmission links to meet future requirements. Many
countries have carried out research on EHV and
UHV and other new power technologies.
UHV power transmission delivers many benefits, including large capacity, long distance, low
energy losses, small footprint and cost effectiveness. Other new power transmission technologies have some obstacles to overcome and
have yet to be widely deployed, but they offer
superior benefits over conventional methods in
certain applications. With development and progress, those technologies are expected to be
deployed in projects.
First, UHV power transmission. AC and DC
hybrid power networks represent the future for
UHV power transmission. UHVAC and UHVDC
have their own characteristics, but they are also
complementary. UHVAC is economically competitive for distances from 1,000–2,000 km.
UHVDC power transmission is more cost effective for distances of more than 1,500 km.
UHVDC is, therefore, used to transmit large
volumes of electricity from energy bases over
long or ultra-long distances. UHVAC is used for
59
https://energy.gov/oe/downloads/grid-2030-nationalvision-electricity-s-second-100-years.
358
S. Zifeng and N. Dickens
improved economic development and the efficient use of electricity. In addition, the project
boosted upstream and downstream industries
including power supply, electrical equipment and
raw materials in Egypt and the Middle East. It
created about 7,000 jobs for Egypt and achieved
win-win results for Sino-Egyptian cooperation.
In Pakistan, the Matiari-Lahore HVDC power
transmission project is a priority of the
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor of infrastructure projects. The link will be about 900 km
long and have a capacity of 4 GW. State Grid
Corporation of China is developing the project
on a BOOT (build, own, operate and transfer)
basis. When completed in 2021 the link will
transport much-needed power from the south,
where it is generated, to load centres in central
Pakistan.
The EuroAsia Interconnector is an HVDC
project that will connect the Greek mainland with
Crete, Cyprus and Israel using multi-terminal
flexible DC technology. The interconnector is
part of the European network of interconnected
electricity grids that provide bi-directional electricity supply through national transmission
operators. It will enable the three partner countries (Israel, Cyprus and Greece) to better utilise
their recently found offshore natural gas by
converting it into electricity for their own use and
for transmission to the rest of Europe. When
completed in 2023, the interconnector will be the
longest HVDC cable link in the world at
1,518 km and the deepest subsea cable at
3,000 m. The link will have a power capacity of
2 GW.
In the USA, Grid 2030—A National Vision
for Electricity’s Second 100 Years
59 is a report
published in 2003 by the U.S. Department of
Energy. The report clearly defines the vision for
the future US grid and emphasises the importance of nationwide interconnection and interconnection with Canada and Mexico. Grid 2030
consists of three major elements: (i) a national
electricity
framework
of
high-capacity
transmission corridors that link the east and west
coasts and connect with Canada and Mexico;
(ii) interconnected regional grids—power from
the corridors is distributed to regional networks
by long-distance AC transmission or, in some
cases, by expanded DC links; and high-capacity
DC interties are used to link adjacent, asynchronous grids; (iii) local, mini-grids and
microgrids. The nation’s local distribution systems are connected to the regional networks, and
through them to the national corridors. Real-time
monitoring and information exchange enable
markets to process transactions instantaneously
and on a national basis. Customers have the
ability to tailor their electricity supply.
(2) Related technologies
1. Long-distance power transmission technologies
Factors such as growing demand for power, the
challenges of integrating new energy with the
grid, intelligent power consumption and ever
stricter environmental requirements, are making
it increasingly difficult for conventional transmission links to meet future requirements. Many
countries have carried out research on EHV and
UHV and other new power technologies.
UHV power transmission delivers many benefits, including large capacity, long distance, low
energy losses, small footprint and cost effectiveness. Other new power transmission technologies have some obstacles to overcome and
have yet to be widely deployed, but they offer
superior benefits over conventional methods in
certain applications. With development and progress, those technologies are expected to be
deployed in projects.
First, UHV power transmission. AC and DC
hybrid power networks represent the future for
UHV power transmission. UHVAC and UHVDC
have their own characteristics, but they are also
complementary. UHVAC is economically competitive for distances from 1,000–2,000 km.
UHVDC power transmission is more cost effective for distances of more than 1,500 km.
UHVDC is, therefore, used to transmit large
volumes of electricity from energy bases over
long or ultra-long distances. UHVAC is used for
59
https://energy.gov/oe/downloads/grid-2030-nationalvision-electricity-s-second-100-years.
358
S. Zifeng and N. Dickens