should be given priority. In medium-sized and
large cities in east and central China,
building-integrated photovoltaics should be
encouraged and grid-connected rooftop PV systems widely deployed. In regions that feature
good sunshine conditions, large areas of available land and abundant water resources, solar
thermal pilot projects should be tested. In this
way, different solar power technologies will be
combined to deliver complementary benefits.
(4) Develop liquid biofuels and substitute them
for oil at scale
In the short and medium terms, more effort
should be made to develop non-grain liquid
biofuel technologies to lower the production cost
of non-grain liquid biofuels. As breakthroughs
are made in second- and third-generation biomass technologies like cellulosic ethanol and
algae-based fuel, liquid biofuels should gradually
replace petrol, diesel and kerosene in heavy-duty
road transport, aviation and shipping.
(5) Use renewable heat at scale
Solar thermal energy can play an important role
in heating or cooling water, homes, industry and
commerce. In both rural and urban areas, biogas
and biomass briquettes should be promoted to
fuel cooking and boilers.
(2) Nuclear power revolution
(1) Significantly increase nuclear power capacity
Third-generation pressurised water reactor technology should be deployed to increase investment in nuclear power plants in eastern coastal
areas. Effective measures should be taken to
protect plant sites and strengthen nuclear power
development in central China, building a nuclear
power belt across eastern and central regions.
(2) Become a hub for the global nuclear power
industry
China’s nuclear power equipment manufacturing
and project construction capability should be
enhanced to complement nuclear power
development in east and central China. Strong
efforts should be made to actively create national
brands for China’s future nuclear power technologies and equipment, enabling them to go global.
(3) Foster an atmosphere of acceptability for
nuclear power development
A science-based decision-making system
should be established and long-term development strategy drawn up to bolster the growth of
nuclear power. More effort should be made to
improve laws, regulations and supervision,
ensure consistent decision-making, create positive publicity and guidance, and improve information disclosure, thus building up public
confidence in and acceptance of nuclear power.
7.1.3 Promote New Energy Production
Technologies
New energy production technologies could
potentially provide a richer range of energy
sources for production and living. These mainly
include the exploration and production of natural
gas hydrates (NGH), advanced nuclear power
and marine energy.
(1) Research NGH exploration and
exploitation
China has abundant NGH resources in polar tundra sandstone and seabed sandstone reservoirs. It
should strengthen basic research to deliver a
complete range of support technologies for NGH
exploration and production. China should accelerate NGH resource surveys and screen potentially
profitable exploration areas to implement drilling
and trial extraction of NGHs. The aim should be to
achieve earliest commercial extraction, thus
sharpening China’s international competitiveness
in NGH exploration and exploitation.
(2) Explore and develop more advanced
nuclear power technologies
Guided by the inherent safety concept, China
should research and develop fourth-generation
safe reactor technology to continue the nuclear
176
W. Xiaoming et al.
large cities in east and central China,
building-integrated photovoltaics should be
encouraged and grid-connected rooftop PV systems widely deployed. In regions that feature
good sunshine conditions, large areas of available land and abundant water resources, solar
thermal pilot projects should be tested. In this
way, different solar power technologies will be
combined to deliver complementary benefits.
(4) Develop liquid biofuels and substitute them
for oil at scale
In the short and medium terms, more effort
should be made to develop non-grain liquid
biofuel technologies to lower the production cost
of non-grain liquid biofuels. As breakthroughs
are made in second- and third-generation biomass technologies like cellulosic ethanol and
algae-based fuel, liquid biofuels should gradually
replace petrol, diesel and kerosene in heavy-duty
road transport, aviation and shipping.
(5) Use renewable heat at scale
Solar thermal energy can play an important role
in heating or cooling water, homes, industry and
commerce. In both rural and urban areas, biogas
and biomass briquettes should be promoted to
fuel cooking and boilers.
(2) Nuclear power revolution
(1) Significantly increase nuclear power capacity
Third-generation pressurised water reactor technology should be deployed to increase investment in nuclear power plants in eastern coastal
areas. Effective measures should be taken to
protect plant sites and strengthen nuclear power
development in central China, building a nuclear
power belt across eastern and central regions.
(2) Become a hub for the global nuclear power
industry
China’s nuclear power equipment manufacturing
and project construction capability should be
enhanced to complement nuclear power
development in east and central China. Strong
efforts should be made to actively create national
brands for China’s future nuclear power technologies and equipment, enabling them to go global.
(3) Foster an atmosphere of acceptability for
nuclear power development
A science-based decision-making system
should be established and long-term development strategy drawn up to bolster the growth of
nuclear power. More effort should be made to
improve laws, regulations and supervision,
ensure consistent decision-making, create positive publicity and guidance, and improve information disclosure, thus building up public
confidence in and acceptance of nuclear power.
7.1.3 Promote New Energy Production
Technologies
New energy production technologies could
potentially provide a richer range of energy
sources for production and living. These mainly
include the exploration and production of natural
gas hydrates (NGH), advanced nuclear power
and marine energy.
(1) Research NGH exploration and
exploitation
China has abundant NGH resources in polar tundra sandstone and seabed sandstone reservoirs. It
should strengthen basic research to deliver a
complete range of support technologies for NGH
exploration and production. China should accelerate NGH resource surveys and screen potentially
profitable exploration areas to implement drilling
and trial extraction of NGHs. The aim should be to
achieve earliest commercial extraction, thus
sharpening China’s international competitiveness
in NGH exploration and exploitation.
(2) Explore and develop more advanced
nuclear power technologies
Guided by the inherent safety concept, China
should research and develop fourth-generation
safe reactor technology to continue the nuclear
176
W. Xiaoming et al.