(3) Complementary energy systems from
multiple sources
A smart energy system comprises multiple energy
sources. It consists of various energy conversion
technologies that enable subsystems like power,
heating, cooling, gas, oil and transport to deliver
complementary benefits along the entire value
chain, from production and transmission to conversion and use. In this way, the entire energy
system is interconnected and complementary. In
addition, coordinated planning and development
of the energy subsystems—power, heating, etc.—
can reduce resource waste and improve the economic benefits of the entire energy system.
Large-scale transmission, energy storage,
wind and solar, and power-to-hydrogen and
power-to-methane projects will be developed to
build an energy network of complementary
sources that reduce volatility in renewable energy
and allow it to be used efficiently.
16 Energy bases
should identify a suitable multi-energy complementary model for their region based on local
energy sources, land resources, transmission
corridors, grid strength and other variables. For
example, hydropower complemented by wind
and/or solar power in an energy base focused on
hydropower and new energy; or wind, solar and
energy storage complemented by thermal power
in a base integrating new energy and thermal
power. Energy bases of this kind can help
increase the use of renewable energy.
Multiple types of complementary energy
provide end users with options, enabling them to
customise their energy supply in power, heating,
cooling and gas. This can be achieved with natural gas-fired combined cooling, heat and power
plants, distributed renewable energy systems and
smart microgrids. Complementary energy systems enable energy demand-side management
and improve energy efficiency.
(4) Coordinated development of energy sources, networks, loads and storage
Energy supply loads and energy storage will be
integrated to form an open and coordinated
platform that connects generation, transmission
and distribution with demand and consumption.
In this way, deep integration and the
bi-directional flow of power and information will
improve efficiency and the share of clean energy
in end-user consumption.
The coordinated development of energy
sources, networks, loads and storage is not limited to one energy carrier, it applies to the entire
energy system. Energy sources include oil, natural gas, electricity and other carriers. Networks
means oil pipeline networks, heating networks,
power grids and other energy networks. Loads
refers to power load and other energy demands of
users. Energy storage includes batteries, pumped
storage, thermal (molten salt) storage and others.
Various energy conversion, information and
integration technologies will be deployed to
coordinate the development and production of
energy sources and their transport or transmission in the energy system. First, energy sources
will be combined in a flexible and efficient way
to ensure coordination between new types of
power generation and the grid. This will improve
the grid’s self-regulating capacity and reduce the
impact of intermittent renewable energy on grid
stability. Second, networks, loads and energy
storage will be integrated, enabling multidirectional interaction between the grid, energy storage and demand-side resources like energy
efficiency and load management. This will connect energy storage with grid control and allow
operators to track fluctuations in renewable
energy output and respond with orderly (smart)
charging and discharging of energy storage
resources, thus strengthening grid security and
stability.
User demand can be connected to the system
to enable integrated energy demand management
across the entire energy system. Users’ overall
energy demand and energy storage resources are
controllable, allowing information and energy to
flow between demand, storage and supply. In this
way, a highly automated and controllable energy
supply and demand system will take shape,
improving the efficiency, security and stability of
the entire energy system.
16
Zhou Xiaoxin, Development of Next Generation Energy
System, in Electric Age. Issue 1, 2017.
Special Report 1: A Study of China’s Energy Supply Revolution
161
multiple sources
A smart energy system comprises multiple energy
sources. It consists of various energy conversion
technologies that enable subsystems like power,
heating, cooling, gas, oil and transport to deliver
complementary benefits along the entire value
chain, from production and transmission to conversion and use. In this way, the entire energy
system is interconnected and complementary. In
addition, coordinated planning and development
of the energy subsystems—power, heating, etc.—
can reduce resource waste and improve the economic benefits of the entire energy system.
Large-scale transmission, energy storage,
wind and solar, and power-to-hydrogen and
power-to-methane projects will be developed to
build an energy network of complementary
sources that reduce volatility in renewable energy
and allow it to be used efficiently.
16 Energy bases
should identify a suitable multi-energy complementary model for their region based on local
energy sources, land resources, transmission
corridors, grid strength and other variables. For
example, hydropower complemented by wind
and/or solar power in an energy base focused on
hydropower and new energy; or wind, solar and
energy storage complemented by thermal power
in a base integrating new energy and thermal
power. Energy bases of this kind can help
increase the use of renewable energy.
Multiple types of complementary energy
provide end users with options, enabling them to
customise their energy supply in power, heating,
cooling and gas. This can be achieved with natural gas-fired combined cooling, heat and power
plants, distributed renewable energy systems and
smart microgrids. Complementary energy systems enable energy demand-side management
and improve energy efficiency.
(4) Coordinated development of energy sources, networks, loads and storage
Energy supply loads and energy storage will be
integrated to form an open and coordinated
platform that connects generation, transmission
and distribution with demand and consumption.
In this way, deep integration and the
bi-directional flow of power and information will
improve efficiency and the share of clean energy
in end-user consumption.
The coordinated development of energy
sources, networks, loads and storage is not limited to one energy carrier, it applies to the entire
energy system. Energy sources include oil, natural gas, electricity and other carriers. Networks
means oil pipeline networks, heating networks,
power grids and other energy networks. Loads
refers to power load and other energy demands of
users. Energy storage includes batteries, pumped
storage, thermal (molten salt) storage and others.
Various energy conversion, information and
integration technologies will be deployed to
coordinate the development and production of
energy sources and their transport or transmission in the energy system. First, energy sources
will be combined in a flexible and efficient way
to ensure coordination between new types of
power generation and the grid. This will improve
the grid’s self-regulating capacity and reduce the
impact of intermittent renewable energy on grid
stability. Second, networks, loads and energy
storage will be integrated, enabling multidirectional interaction between the grid, energy storage and demand-side resources like energy
efficiency and load management. This will connect energy storage with grid control and allow
operators to track fluctuations in renewable
energy output and respond with orderly (smart)
charging and discharging of energy storage
resources, thus strengthening grid security and
stability.
User demand can be connected to the system
to enable integrated energy demand management
across the entire energy system. Users’ overall
energy demand and energy storage resources are
controllable, allowing information and energy to
flow between demand, storage and supply. In this
way, a highly automated and controllable energy
supply and demand system will take shape,
improving the efficiency, security and stability of
the entire energy system.
16
Zhou Xiaoxin, Development of Next Generation Energy
System, in Electric Age. Issue 1, 2017.
Special Report 1: A Study of China’s Energy Supply Revolution
161