List of Figures
Overview: High-Quality Energy for High-Quality Growth:
China’s Energy Revolution in the New Era
Fig. 1
Countries go through energy transition as they develop . . . 2
Fig. 2
Energy transition paths of various countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Fig. 3
There have been four global transitions in energy supply
since 1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Fig. 4
The cost of many clean energy technologies is declining
rapidly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fig. 5
Industry 4.0 will have a significant impact
on energy demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fig. 6
Changes in the energy systems of G7 countries . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 7
Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions per unit of GDP
are declining globally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 8
Electrification in the transport sector is accelerating. . . . . . . 7
Fig. 9
Electrification increases with income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 10
Carbon pricing is accelerating globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fig. 11
Low- and middle-income countries can leapfrog
the historical patterns of energy consumption
of high-income countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 12
Evolution pathways of China’s energy consumption
per unit of GDP in two scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fig. 13
Comparison of energy cost per unit of GDP between
China and several major countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 14
The drivers behind energy revolution: four pillars
and international cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 15
The four intensifiers for transition act together. . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fig. 16
Private economics and the public good have strong
positive feedback loops between them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Fig. 17
Policy plays a crucial role in driving energy transition . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 18
Forecast of China’s end-use energy consumption
in agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fig. 19
China’s total vehicle energy demand in two EV
development scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fig. 20
China’s electrification rate growth potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
xix
Overview: High-Quality Energy for High-Quality Growth:
China’s Energy Revolution in the New Era
Fig. 1
Countries go through energy transition as they develop . . . 2
Fig. 2
Energy transition paths of various countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Fig. 3
There have been four global transitions in energy supply
since 1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Fig. 4
The cost of many clean energy technologies is declining
rapidly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fig. 5
Industry 4.0 will have a significant impact
on energy demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fig. 6
Changes in the energy systems of G7 countries . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 7
Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions per unit of GDP
are declining globally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 8
Electrification in the transport sector is accelerating. . . . . . . 7
Fig. 9
Electrification increases with income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 10
Carbon pricing is accelerating globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fig. 11
Low- and middle-income countries can leapfrog
the historical patterns of energy consumption
of high-income countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 12
Evolution pathways of China’s energy consumption
per unit of GDP in two scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fig. 13
Comparison of energy cost per unit of GDP between
China and several major countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 14
The drivers behind energy revolution: four pillars
and international cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 15
The four intensifiers for transition act together. . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fig. 16
Private economics and the public good have strong
positive feedback loops between them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Fig. 17
Policy plays a crucial role in driving energy transition . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 18
Forecast of China’s end-use energy consumption
in agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fig. 19
China’s total vehicle energy demand in two EV
development scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fig. 20
China’s electrification rate growth potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
xix