306
M. A. M. N. Lotpy et al.
28.4 Conclusion
The Taguchi and ANOVA methods were used in this study to evaluate and obtain
the optimal condition for friction stir welding of AA6063 pipes without the backing
support. The conclusion can be drawn as follows:
a. The pin profiles were the major factor that can affect the deformation with the
contribution of 62.38%.
b. The optimal parameter of friction stir welding for AA6063 pipes was 910 rpm,
squared pin profile and stepped joint edge preparation. The result of the
deformation at this parameter was 542.25 µm.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL)
and Japan Malaysia Technical Institute (JMTI) for providing the required facilities and technical
assistances.
References
1. Setsuhara, Y., Kamiya, T., Yamaura, S.: Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic, 1st edn.
Springer Singapore (2009)
2. Akbari, M., Asadi, P.: Optimization of microstructural and mechanical properties of friction
stir welded A356 pipes using Taguchi method. Mater. Res. Express 6, 1–14 (2019)
3. Chen, B., Chen, K., Hao, W., Liang, Z., Yao, J., Zhang, L., Shan, A.: Friction stir welding of
small-dimension Al3003 and pure cu pipes. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 223, 48–57 (2015)
4. Lammlein, D.H., Gibson, B.T., Delapp, D.R., Cox, C., Strauss, A.M., Cook, G.E.: The friction stir welding of small-diameter pipe: an experimental and numerical proof of concept for
automation and manufacturing. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. B. J. Eng. Manuf. 226(3), 383–398
(2012)
5. Elanchezhian, C., Vijaya Ramnath, B., Venkatesan, P., Sathish, S., Vignesh, T., Siddharth, R.V.,
Vinay, B., Gopinath, K.: Parameter optimization of friction stir welding of AA8011-6062 using
mathematical method. Procedia Eng. 97, 775–782 (2014)
6. Darmadi, D.B., Purnowidodo, A., Siswanto, E.: Increasing FSW joint strength by optimizing
feed rate, rotating speed and pin angle. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 257(1), 012005 (2017)
7. Ismail, A., Awang, M.: Surface hardness of friction stir welded AA6063 pipe. MATEC Web
Conf. 13, 2–6 (2014)
8. Koilraj, M., Sundareswaran, V., Vijayan, S., Koteswara Rao, S.R.: Friction stir welding of
dissimilar Aluminum alloys AA2219 to AA5083 - optimization of process parameters using
Taguchi technique. Mater. Des. 42, 1–7 (2012)
9. Qasim, M.D., Bashar, A.W.: Experimental study of friction stir welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum
pipe. Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 1(3), 143–156 (2012)
10. Saeid, T., Abdollah-zadeh, A., Sazgari, B.: Weldability and mechanical properties of dissimilar
aluminum-copper lap joints made by friction stir welding. J. Alloys Compd. 490(1–2), 652–655
(2010)
11. Singh, G., Singh, K., Singh, J.: Effect of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical
properties in friction stir welding of aluminum alloy. T. Indian I. Metals 64(4–5), 325–330
M. A. M. N. Lotpy et al.
28.4 Conclusion
The Taguchi and ANOVA methods were used in this study to evaluate and obtain
the optimal condition for friction stir welding of AA6063 pipes without the backing
support. The conclusion can be drawn as follows:
a. The pin profiles were the major factor that can affect the deformation with the
contribution of 62.38%.
b. The optimal parameter of friction stir welding for AA6063 pipes was 910 rpm,
squared pin profile and stepped joint edge preparation. The result of the
deformation at this parameter was 542.25 µm.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL)
and Japan Malaysia Technical Institute (JMTI) for providing the required facilities and technical
assistances.
References
1. Setsuhara, Y., Kamiya, T., Yamaura, S.: Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic, 1st edn.
Springer Singapore (2009)
2. Akbari, M., Asadi, P.: Optimization of microstructural and mechanical properties of friction
stir welded A356 pipes using Taguchi method. Mater. Res. Express 6, 1–14 (2019)
3. Chen, B., Chen, K., Hao, W., Liang, Z., Yao, J., Zhang, L., Shan, A.: Friction stir welding of
small-dimension Al3003 and pure cu pipes. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 223, 48–57 (2015)
4. Lammlein, D.H., Gibson, B.T., Delapp, D.R., Cox, C., Strauss, A.M., Cook, G.E.: The friction stir welding of small-diameter pipe: an experimental and numerical proof of concept for
automation and manufacturing. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. B. J. Eng. Manuf. 226(3), 383–398
(2012)
5. Elanchezhian, C., Vijaya Ramnath, B., Venkatesan, P., Sathish, S., Vignesh, T., Siddharth, R.V.,
Vinay, B., Gopinath, K.: Parameter optimization of friction stir welding of AA8011-6062 using
mathematical method. Procedia Eng. 97, 775–782 (2014)
6. Darmadi, D.B., Purnowidodo, A., Siswanto, E.: Increasing FSW joint strength by optimizing
feed rate, rotating speed and pin angle. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 257(1), 012005 (2017)
7. Ismail, A., Awang, M.: Surface hardness of friction stir welded AA6063 pipe. MATEC Web
Conf. 13, 2–6 (2014)
8. Koilraj, M., Sundareswaran, V., Vijayan, S., Koteswara Rao, S.R.: Friction stir welding of
dissimilar Aluminum alloys AA2219 to AA5083 - optimization of process parameters using
Taguchi technique. Mater. Des. 42, 1–7 (2012)
9. Qasim, M.D., Bashar, A.W.: Experimental study of friction stir welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum
pipe. Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 1(3), 143–156 (2012)
10. Saeid, T., Abdollah-zadeh, A., Sazgari, B.: Weldability and mechanical properties of dissimilar
aluminum-copper lap joints made by friction stir welding. J. Alloys Compd. 490(1–2), 652–655
(2010)
11. Singh, G., Singh, K., Singh, J.: Effect of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical
properties in friction stir welding of aluminum alloy. T. Indian I. Metals 64(4–5), 325–330