Chapter 28
Optimization of Welding Parameters
for Self-Support Friction Stir Welding
(SS-FSW) on AA6063 Pipe Joints
Mohammad Azhan Mohd Najib Lotpy, Azman Ismail, Fauziah Ab Rahman,
Megat Khalid Puteri Zarina, Bakhtiar Ariff Baharudin, Mokhtar Awang,
and Darulihsan Abdul Hamid
Abstract The use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process with the needs of inner
mandrels or backing plates will limit the further application for industrial needs.
Therefore, the self-support friction stir welding (SS-FSW) technique is used to run
the joining process without the inner mandrel or backing support especially for
pipes. In order to execute the experiment, the AA6063 pipe with 89 mm of outside
diameter and 5 mm of wall thickness was utilized in this experiment setting. Several
edge preparations were used such as butt, scarf and stepped joint. In addition, the
different pin profiles were also used: cylindrical, rectangular and triangular shape.
The selected rotational speeds were 910 rpm, 1280 rpm and 1700 rpm. The Taguchi
L9 orthogonal array was used to minimize the number of experiments as it is difficult
to conduct a high number of experiments to find out the level combinations. The
height of deformation was measured and analyzed further by the use of a statistical
M. A. M. N. Lotpy · A. Ismail (B) · F. A. Rahman · M. K. Puteri Zarina · B. A. Baharudin
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology,
Lumut, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: azman@unikl.edu.my
M. A. M. N. Lotpy
e-mail: aannajib96@gmail.com
F. A. Rahman
e-mail: fauziahabra@unikl.edu.my
M. K. Puteri Zarina
e-mail: puteri.zarina@fbk.upsi.edu.my
B. A. Baharudin
e-mail: bakhtiarab@unikl.edu.my
M. Awang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: mokhtar_awang@utp.edu.my
D. A. Hamid
Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: darulihsan@kuptm.edu.my
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_28
299
Optimization of Welding Parameters
for Self-Support Friction Stir Welding
(SS-FSW) on AA6063 Pipe Joints
Mohammad Azhan Mohd Najib Lotpy, Azman Ismail, Fauziah Ab Rahman,
Megat Khalid Puteri Zarina, Bakhtiar Ariff Baharudin, Mokhtar Awang,
and Darulihsan Abdul Hamid
Abstract The use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process with the needs of inner
mandrels or backing plates will limit the further application for industrial needs.
Therefore, the self-support friction stir welding (SS-FSW) technique is used to run
the joining process without the inner mandrel or backing support especially for
pipes. In order to execute the experiment, the AA6063 pipe with 89 mm of outside
diameter and 5 mm of wall thickness was utilized in this experiment setting. Several
edge preparations were used such as butt, scarf and stepped joint. In addition, the
different pin profiles were also used: cylindrical, rectangular and triangular shape.
The selected rotational speeds were 910 rpm, 1280 rpm and 1700 rpm. The Taguchi
L9 orthogonal array was used to minimize the number of experiments as it is difficult
to conduct a high number of experiments to find out the level combinations. The
height of deformation was measured and analyzed further by the use of a statistical
M. A. M. N. Lotpy · A. Ismail (B) · F. A. Rahman · M. K. Puteri Zarina · B. A. Baharudin
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology,
Lumut, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: azman@unikl.edu.my
M. A. M. N. Lotpy
e-mail: aannajib96@gmail.com
F. A. Rahman
e-mail: fauziahabra@unikl.edu.my
M. K. Puteri Zarina
e-mail: puteri.zarina@fbk.upsi.edu.my
B. A. Baharudin
e-mail: bakhtiarab@unikl.edu.my
M. Awang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: mokhtar_awang@utp.edu.my
D. A. Hamid
Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: darulihsan@kuptm.edu.my
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_28
299