xxiv
List of Figures
Fig. 9.4
Round bottom hull from perspective view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Fig. 9.5
Round bottom hull from body plan view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Fig. 9.6
Deep V hull from perspective view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Fig. 9.7
Deep V hull from body plan view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Fig. 9.8
The grid dependent study result for both hulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
Fig. 9.9
Hull-generated wave altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.10
Meshing of 0.2 size cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.11
Meshing of 0.4 size cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.12
Meshing of 0.6 size cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.13
0.8 size cell meshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
Fig. 12.1
Actual routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Fig. 12.2
Optimization of the actual routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Fig. 13.1
Proposed antenna design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Fig. 13.2
S-Parameter graph result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Fig. 13.3
VSWR graph result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Fig. 13.4
Gain graph result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Fig. 13.5
Directivity graph results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Fig. 14.1
Block diagram project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Fig. 14.2
Four-quadrant sensor system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Fig. 14.3
PCB circuit etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Fig. 14.4
Design circuit of solar tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Fig. 14.5
Design hardware of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Fig. 14.6
Front view design of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Fig. 14.7
Side view design of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Fig. 14.8
Solar tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Fig. 14.9
Average output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Fig. 14.10 Average output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Fig. 14.11 Average output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Fig. 15.1
K.L PAUS vessel hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Fig. 15.2
Barnacles growth at hull surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Fig. 15.3
Diver under taken the photo of barnacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Fig. 15.4
a Blob analysis photo of 1st month. b Blob analysis photo
of 2nd month. c Blob analysis photo of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Fig. 15.5
a Greyscale image detection of 1st month. b Greyscale
image detection of 2nd month. c Greyscale image
detection of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Fig. 15.6
a Blue image detection of 1st month. b Blue image
detection of 2nd month. c Blue image detection of 3rd
month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Fig. 15.7
a Edge image detection mode of 1st month. b Edge image
detection mode of 2nd month. c Edge image detection
mode of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Fig. 15.8
a Gradient image detection of 1st month. b Gradient
image detection of 2nd month. c Gradient image detection
of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
List of Figures
Fig. 9.4
Round bottom hull from perspective view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Fig. 9.5
Round bottom hull from body plan view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Fig. 9.6
Deep V hull from perspective view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Fig. 9.7
Deep V hull from body plan view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Fig. 9.8
The grid dependent study result for both hulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
Fig. 9.9
Hull-generated wave altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.10
Meshing of 0.2 size cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.11
Meshing of 0.4 size cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.12
Meshing of 0.6 size cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Fig. 9.13
0.8 size cell meshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
Fig. 12.1
Actual routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Fig. 12.2
Optimization of the actual routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Fig. 13.1
Proposed antenna design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Fig. 13.2
S-Parameter graph result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Fig. 13.3
VSWR graph result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Fig. 13.4
Gain graph result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Fig. 13.5
Directivity graph results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Fig. 14.1
Block diagram project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Fig. 14.2
Four-quadrant sensor system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Fig. 14.3
PCB circuit etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Fig. 14.4
Design circuit of solar tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Fig. 14.5
Design hardware of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Fig. 14.6
Front view design of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Fig. 14.7
Side view design of project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Fig. 14.8
Solar tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Fig. 14.9
Average output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Fig. 14.10 Average output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Fig. 14.11 Average output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Fig. 15.1
K.L PAUS vessel hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Fig. 15.2
Barnacles growth at hull surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Fig. 15.3
Diver under taken the photo of barnacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Fig. 15.4
a Blob analysis photo of 1st month. b Blob analysis photo
of 2nd month. c Blob analysis photo of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Fig. 15.5
a Greyscale image detection of 1st month. b Greyscale
image detection of 2nd month. c Greyscale image
detection of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Fig. 15.6
a Blue image detection of 1st month. b Blue image
detection of 2nd month. c Blue image detection of 3rd
month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Fig. 15.7
a Edge image detection mode of 1st month. b Edge image
detection mode of 2nd month. c Edge image detection
mode of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Fig. 15.8
a Gradient image detection of 1st month. b Gradient
image detection of 2nd month. c Gradient image detection
of 3rd month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163