13 A Design of a Dielectric Resonator Antenna …
133
we used the antenna design in [13] as benchmark design for proposing new alternative antenna designs. The proposed antenna design will change the dimensional
values in order to increase the antenna performance. These results show the comparison performance in return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and directivity. The CST
Microwave Studio 2019 software use to design the respective RDRA according to
the proposed specifications while MATLAB were used to calculate the dimensions
of RDRA.
13.2 Literature Review
13.2.1 Shape of Dielectric Resonator Antennas
Basically, the shape of this antenna is essentially defined by a few parameters
such as height, width, and depth of DRA and dielectric constant [7]. There are a
lot of shapes that can be formed in designing (DRA) such as rectangular, cylindrical, hemispheric, and circular cross-predominant. The different shapes provide
different performance for different parameters likes permittivity, impedance, resonant frequency, and coupling mechanism [5]. According to the varying measurement
of parameters, there will be various analytical models to analyze its configuration.
The two most common shapes are the cylindrical and rectangular ones. Besides, the
rectangular DRA is distinguished by a low degree of cross-polarization. This advantage makes the rectangular shape are more effective than cylindrical in designing
the shape of an antenna [3]. However, there are some other complex shapes such
as spherical, hemispherical, cross-shaped, and super shaped that are rarely used in
designing an antenna because of difficulties in designing or fabricating. All dielectric
design could be a radiator at a specific frequency by implementing the right technique
that suitable to use [6].
13.2.2 Type of Feeder
To obtain the performance of the desired antenna, the so-called feeding mechanism
is the method that is used to excite the antenna [10]. There are various feeding
mechanisms required for designing such a type of dielectric resonator antenna system.
This feeding mechanism is very important for the antenna society with a wide range
of applications for the antenna. Due to the numerous feeding required to excite
the DRA, a good procedure of selecting the best feeding mechanism is needed at
millimeter wave frequencies [11]. The four most popular feeding mechanisms used
are microstrip line fed, coaxial probe fed, slot/aperture couple fed, and co-planar
waveguide (CPW) feed. Based on the list of feeding techniques that are used in
developing DRA, microstrip line are very effective and efficient because of as it can
133
we used the antenna design in [13] as benchmark design for proposing new alternative antenna designs. The proposed antenna design will change the dimensional
values in order to increase the antenna performance. These results show the comparison performance in return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and directivity. The CST
Microwave Studio 2019 software use to design the respective RDRA according to
the proposed specifications while MATLAB were used to calculate the dimensions
of RDRA.
13.2 Literature Review
13.2.1 Shape of Dielectric Resonator Antennas
Basically, the shape of this antenna is essentially defined by a few parameters
such as height, width, and depth of DRA and dielectric constant [7]. There are a
lot of shapes that can be formed in designing (DRA) such as rectangular, cylindrical, hemispheric, and circular cross-predominant. The different shapes provide
different performance for different parameters likes permittivity, impedance, resonant frequency, and coupling mechanism [5]. According to the varying measurement
of parameters, there will be various analytical models to analyze its configuration.
The two most common shapes are the cylindrical and rectangular ones. Besides, the
rectangular DRA is distinguished by a low degree of cross-polarization. This advantage makes the rectangular shape are more effective than cylindrical in designing
the shape of an antenna [3]. However, there are some other complex shapes such
as spherical, hemispherical, cross-shaped, and super shaped that are rarely used in
designing an antenna because of difficulties in designing or fabricating. All dielectric
design could be a radiator at a specific frequency by implementing the right technique
that suitable to use [6].
13.2.2 Type of Feeder
To obtain the performance of the desired antenna, the so-called feeding mechanism
is the method that is used to excite the antenna [10]. There are various feeding
mechanisms required for designing such a type of dielectric resonator antenna system.
This feeding mechanism is very important for the antenna society with a wide range
of applications for the antenna. Due to the numerous feeding required to excite
the DRA, a good procedure of selecting the best feeding mechanism is needed at
millimeter wave frequencies [11]. The four most popular feeding mechanisms used
are microstrip line fed, coaxial probe fed, slot/aperture couple fed, and co-planar
waveguide (CPW) feed. Based on the list of feeding techniques that are used in
developing DRA, microstrip line are very effective and efficient because of as it can