Chapter 12
Optimization of Route Selection
and Carbon Emission Release for Waste
Collection Systems
Shaiful Bakri Ismail and Dzulhaqeem b Dzulkifli
Abstract In general, transportation is important to any industry in the world that
involves the movement of goods from one destination to another. In waste collection
systems, the movement of waste collectors using transportation is one of the main
activities in handling waste management today. The activity of collecting waste
involves the waste generated by the residential area, industrial area, and port area
that consists of many types of waste such as domestic waste, food waste, plastics,
industrials waste, metals, and waste that is generated by the manufacturing processes.
Then by choosing the best route for collecting waste which is to define the shortest
way that merges with the time of operation will reduce the operational cost of the
company and at same time reducing the quantity of carbon emission release that
impacts the environment. Thus, this research is a preliminary study to analyze the
actual route that is usually selected and used by truck drivers by using optimization
method called the traveling salesman problem (TSP) method. This method is used as a
tool to decide the optional route for collecting waste by Majlis Perbandaran Manjung
(Sitiawan district) to collect the waste generated by the Sitiawan residential area and
Kg Acheh industrial area to the final destination which is located at Segari Landfill.
The final result shows that by optimizing the routes selection, the suggested routes
will show a lower distance of about 28.3% (29.18 km) and release only 15.95 kg
Co 2 of carbon emission. The result shows a slightly significance and benefit to the
company in reducing the cost of operations and time-consuming without underlook
on the environmental aspect. However, this result depends on several variables that
need to be considered such as the rest time, road closure, number of traffic lights,
congestion, accident, peak time, and current situation during the process of collecting
S. B. Ismail (B)
Marine and Electrical Engineering Technology Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian
Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: shaifulbakri@unikl.edu.my
D. b. Dzulkifli
Maritime Management Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine
Engineering Technology, Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: haqeemdzulkifli@sunikl.edu.my
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_12
119
Optimization of Route Selection
and Carbon Emission Release for Waste
Collection Systems
Shaiful Bakri Ismail and Dzulhaqeem b Dzulkifli
Abstract In general, transportation is important to any industry in the world that
involves the movement of goods from one destination to another. In waste collection
systems, the movement of waste collectors using transportation is one of the main
activities in handling waste management today. The activity of collecting waste
involves the waste generated by the residential area, industrial area, and port area
that consists of many types of waste such as domestic waste, food waste, plastics,
industrials waste, metals, and waste that is generated by the manufacturing processes.
Then by choosing the best route for collecting waste which is to define the shortest
way that merges with the time of operation will reduce the operational cost of the
company and at same time reducing the quantity of carbon emission release that
impacts the environment. Thus, this research is a preliminary study to analyze the
actual route that is usually selected and used by truck drivers by using optimization
method called the traveling salesman problem (TSP) method. This method is used as a
tool to decide the optional route for collecting waste by Majlis Perbandaran Manjung
(Sitiawan district) to collect the waste generated by the Sitiawan residential area and
Kg Acheh industrial area to the final destination which is located at Segari Landfill.
The final result shows that by optimizing the routes selection, the suggested routes
will show a lower distance of about 28.3% (29.18 km) and release only 15.95 kg
Co 2 of carbon emission. The result shows a slightly significance and benefit to the
company in reducing the cost of operations and time-consuming without underlook
on the environmental aspect. However, this result depends on several variables that
need to be considered such as the rest time, road closure, number of traffic lights,
congestion, accident, peak time, and current situation during the process of collecting
S. B. Ismail (B)
Marine and Electrical Engineering Technology Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian
Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: shaifulbakri@unikl.edu.my
D. b. Dzulkifli
Maritime Management Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine
Engineering Technology, Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: haqeemdzulkifli@sunikl.edu.my
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_12
119