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A. Saxena and A. K. Khare
topic of argument between researchers and managers [12]. Hoffman states that environmental and green attempts in manufacturing should move from being an environmental management approach to an environmental strategy. This will create a winwin situation by which manufacturers can improve their environmental performance
while achieving economic gains [13].
1.2 Green Manufacturing Practice in Apparel Industry
Although literatures are available on the use of green manufacturing or reducing
carbon footprint in different industries around the globe [14–16], researchers talk
about green manufacturing in several industries like cement, automobiles and so
on [17]. In the context of global apparel industry, Eryuruk et al. calculated carbon
emission during a lifecycle of an apparel product. He divided the life cycle from
design to reuse and calculated emission for each process [18]. Guo-Ciang et al.
presented a model for Taiwan textile and apparel industry in which drivers for green
supply chain management were identified [19]. Several researchers have discussed
about evaluating present green manufacturing practices in different department of
apparel and textiles globally [20, 21].
1.3 Global Warming and Its Effect on Climate
In 2016, greenhouse gases emission was 58 giga tonnes (Gt.) globally, which include
196 countries, and around 5 % of total countries are responsible for more than 85 %
of the total emission. Industrialization, energy and agriculture are the major factors
contributing more than 80 % of the total global emission. In the global context, India
is the fourth largest emitter of carbon dioxide at 1.65 Gt. per year, after China (6.9
Gt. per year), United States (5.2 Gt. per year) and European Union (2.5 Gt. Per year)
[3]. The effects of climate change, along with pollution and the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources, have given rise to environmental awareness [1]. Since
the early twentie century, the average surface temperature of the earth has increased
by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.
Researchers indicate that during the twenty-fir century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise by a further 1.1–2.9 °C (2–5.2 °F) for the lowest emissions
scenario and 2.4–6.4 °C (4.3–11.5 °F) for the highest emission scenario. Warming
of the climate system is irreversible, and scientists are in the view that most of it
are caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by activities
such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels [2]. As per the report of World
Resourses Institute, India is producing over 7 % of global greenhouse gases. Industries, agriculture and power generation are the main factors that produce more than
90 % of Indian emission [4]. According to Mehta et al., the textile industry affects
the environment by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The weaving and
A. Saxena and A. K. Khare
topic of argument between researchers and managers [12]. Hoffman states that environmental and green attempts in manufacturing should move from being an environmental management approach to an environmental strategy. This will create a winwin situation by which manufacturers can improve their environmental performance
while achieving economic gains [13].
1.2 Green Manufacturing Practice in Apparel Industry
Although literatures are available on the use of green manufacturing or reducing
carbon footprint in different industries around the globe [14–16], researchers talk
about green manufacturing in several industries like cement, automobiles and so
on [17]. In the context of global apparel industry, Eryuruk et al. calculated carbon
emission during a lifecycle of an apparel product. He divided the life cycle from
design to reuse and calculated emission for each process [18]. Guo-Ciang et al.
presented a model for Taiwan textile and apparel industry in which drivers for green
supply chain management were identified [19]. Several researchers have discussed
about evaluating present green manufacturing practices in different department of
apparel and textiles globally [20, 21].
1.3 Global Warming and Its Effect on Climate
In 2016, greenhouse gases emission was 58 giga tonnes (Gt.) globally, which include
196 countries, and around 5 % of total countries are responsible for more than 85 %
of the total emission. Industrialization, energy and agriculture are the major factors
contributing more than 80 % of the total global emission. In the global context, India
is the fourth largest emitter of carbon dioxide at 1.65 Gt. per year, after China (6.9
Gt. per year), United States (5.2 Gt. per year) and European Union (2.5 Gt. Per year)
[3]. The effects of climate change, along with pollution and the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources, have given rise to environmental awareness [1]. Since
the early twentie century, the average surface temperature of the earth has increased
by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.
Researchers indicate that during the twenty-fir century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise by a further 1.1–2.9 °C (2–5.2 °F) for the lowest emissions
scenario and 2.4–6.4 °C (4.3–11.5 °F) for the highest emission scenario. Warming
of the climate system is irreversible, and scientists are in the view that most of it
are caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by activities
such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels [2]. As per the report of World
Resourses Institute, India is producing over 7 % of global greenhouse gases. Industries, agriculture and power generation are the main factors that produce more than
90 % of Indian emission [4]. According to Mehta et al., the textile industry affects
the environment by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The weaving and