Development of Ecofriendly Multifunctional Textiles …
151
4 Methods
4.1 Fabric Pretreatment
The cotton fabric has been treated with 2 g/l of non-ionic soap solution and distilled
water at 60 °C for 30 min to remove any leftover dirt on the untreated fabric. Then
the material is given hot wash, cold wash and air dried.
4.2 Preparation of Peppermint Oil in Water Emulsion
The preparation of O/W emulsion has been done based on the hydrophile and
lipophile balance system. To make trial emulsions, matched pair of Span 80 and
Tween 80 has been selected as they belong to the same chemical class “Oleates” [6].
The batch number from 3 to 7 in Table 1 has their calculated HLB in the range of
8–18, which are classified as oil in water emulsifiers. An example of determination
of calculated HLB for a pair of emulsifiers is demonstrated as follows:
SPAN80 : 85 % × 4.3 = 3.66
TWEEN80 : 15 % × 15.0 = 2.25
HLBofblend = 5.91
.
The emulsifiers described in Table 1 (batch 1 to 7) have been evaluated to provide
stable O/W nanoemulsion of 6 % oil in water. The S mix ratio of batch number 5,
which gives a stable nanoemulsion without any flocculence, coalescence, sedimentation and foaming has been considered for the preparation of stable nanoemulsion.
The nanoemulsion has been prepared using oil/S mix ratio of 5.5:4.5. The measured
quantity of emulsifiers and oil has been emptied into a glass beaker, which has been
homogenized at 6000–8000 rpm, with the aid of a digital high-speed homogenizer.
Table 1 Emulsifier
combinations for preparing
O/W emulsion and their
calculated HLB
Batch No
Span 80
(HLB 4.3)
Tween 80
(HLB 15)
Calculated HLB
1
100
00
4.3
2
85
15
5.91
3
67
33
7.83
4
45
55
10.19
5
28
72
12
6
06
94
14.4
7
00
100
15
151
4 Methods
4.1 Fabric Pretreatment
The cotton fabric has been treated with 2 g/l of non-ionic soap solution and distilled
water at 60 °C for 30 min to remove any leftover dirt on the untreated fabric. Then
the material is given hot wash, cold wash and air dried.
4.2 Preparation of Peppermint Oil in Water Emulsion
The preparation of O/W emulsion has been done based on the hydrophile and
lipophile balance system. To make trial emulsions, matched pair of Span 80 and
Tween 80 has been selected as they belong to the same chemical class “Oleates” [6].
The batch number from 3 to 7 in Table 1 has their calculated HLB in the range of
8–18, which are classified as oil in water emulsifiers. An example of determination
of calculated HLB for a pair of emulsifiers is demonstrated as follows:
SPAN80 : 85 % × 4.3 = 3.66
TWEEN80 : 15 % × 15.0 = 2.25
HLBofblend = 5.91
.
The emulsifiers described in Table 1 (batch 1 to 7) have been evaluated to provide
stable O/W nanoemulsion of 6 % oil in water. The S mix ratio of batch number 5,
which gives a stable nanoemulsion without any flocculence, coalescence, sedimentation and foaming has been considered for the preparation of stable nanoemulsion.
The nanoemulsion has been prepared using oil/S mix ratio of 5.5:4.5. The measured
quantity of emulsifiers and oil has been emptied into a glass beaker, which has been
homogenized at 6000–8000 rpm, with the aid of a digital high-speed homogenizer.
Table 1 Emulsifier
combinations for preparing
O/W emulsion and their
calculated HLB
Batch No
Span 80
(HLB 4.3)
Tween 80
(HLB 15)
Calculated HLB
1
100
00
4.3
2
85
15
5.91
3
67
33
7.83
4
45
55
10.19
5
28
72
12
6
06
94
14.4
7
00
100
15