Statistical Optimization of Ammonium Sulfamate and Urea-Based Fire …
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Table 2
Fire retardant performance of jute fabric treated with different fire retardant formulations 1–4
Treatments*
Physical properties
Vertical flammability test
LOI %
% Loss in
tenacity
Elongation ( %)
Bending
length (cm)
Whiteness
index
(Hunter)
Fire spread time
(s)
After glow
time (sec)
Char length
(cm)
Control bleached jute
-
3.40
4. 0
62
± 2.0
50(BEL*)
55
-
20
Formulation 1; Code J-UAS (Urea & Ammonium Sulfamate)
Formulation 1a
U 10 %; AS 10 %
24
± 2.0
4.10
4.2
59
± 2.5
22, SE
30
5.0
30.0
Formulation 1b
U 10
%; AS 15
%
26
± 2.0
4.41
4.3
58
± 3
20, SE
20
2.5
34.0
Formulation 1c
U 10 %; AS 20 %
30
± 2.0
4.63
4.6
57
± 2.6
10, SE
18
3.0
33.0
Formulation 1d
U 15 %; AS 10 %
27
± 2.0
4.51
4.7
55
± 3.2
12, SE
17
2.8
34.5
Formulation 1e
U 12.5
%; AS 15
%
28
± 2.0
4.62
4.8
56
± 2.4
10, SE
12
2.0
38.0
Formulation 1f
U 15 %; AS 15 %
27
± 2.0
4.42
4.7
54
± 2.4
12, SE
15
2.5
35.0
Formulation 1 g
U 15 %; AS 20 %
32
± 2.0
4.83
4.9
58
± 3.0
7,SE
17
3.1
37.5
Formulation 2; Code J-USA(Urea & Sulfamic Acid)
Formulation 2a
U 10 %; SA 5 %
24
± 2.0
4.60
4.1
60
± 2.5
28,SE
30
4.9
25.0
Formulation 2b
U 10 %; SA 10 %
30
± 2.0
4.71
4.2
61
± 2.2
24, SE
26
4.5
27.5
(continued)