458
P. Srinivas and M. Elangovan
1 Introduction
In rocket industry for solid propellant manufacturing, various chemicals are used
along with raw material ingredients in which Toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) is highly
toxic chemical as exposure to Toluene di-isocyanate causes chronic respiratory
problems, which may be development of asthma [1]. Asthma once induced and
person become sensitized to a di-isocyanate, and even concentration much below the
permissable exposure limits is sufficient to induce an asthmatic affect.
The storage and handling of TDI is very critical, spillage or any accidental release
of TDI may affect the site-working people as well as near by residential colony people,
and hence, suitable risk control system is to be adopted after hazard identification
by ALOHA software for TDI storage area. Areal location of hazardous atmosphere
(ALOHA) is a software designed to evaluate the toxic cloud dispersion from major
chemical spillages and also ALOHA used to estimate radiation zone for fires and
explosion zones. At TDI handling and process area, various components like different
bins, valves, hoses, and pipe fittings will be used in this area. Failure-mode effect
analysis (FMEA) is best method for hazard analysis, and by applying suitable risk
control mechanism, we can prevent the toxic vapor release from process area.
2 Methodology
2.1 Storage Area
Risk assessment in storage area was evaluated by using Public Exposure Guidelines
in ALOHA software, and Public Exposures Guideline are generally used to predict
the effect on members of the general public, if they are exposed to a particular
hazardous chemical in an emergency response situation.
2.1.1 Types of Public Exposures Guideline Are
• AEGLs—Acute Exposures Guidelines Level
• ERPGs—Emergency Responses Planing Guideline
• TEELs—Temporary Emergency Exposures Limit.
Above exposure guidelines has three tiers of exposure values for each chemical,
and they are:
• Tier I—Momentary, minor effects
• Tier II—Unable to escape due to impairment and disabling effects
• Tier III—Life-threatening effects.
P. Srinivas and M. Elangovan
1 Introduction
In rocket industry for solid propellant manufacturing, various chemicals are used
along with raw material ingredients in which Toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) is highly
toxic chemical as exposure to Toluene di-isocyanate causes chronic respiratory
problems, which may be development of asthma [1]. Asthma once induced and
person become sensitized to a di-isocyanate, and even concentration much below the
permissable exposure limits is sufficient to induce an asthmatic affect.
The storage and handling of TDI is very critical, spillage or any accidental release
of TDI may affect the site-working people as well as near by residential colony people,
and hence, suitable risk control system is to be adopted after hazard identification
by ALOHA software for TDI storage area. Areal location of hazardous atmosphere
(ALOHA) is a software designed to evaluate the toxic cloud dispersion from major
chemical spillages and also ALOHA used to estimate radiation zone for fires and
explosion zones. At TDI handling and process area, various components like different
bins, valves, hoses, and pipe fittings will be used in this area. Failure-mode effect
analysis (FMEA) is best method for hazard analysis, and by applying suitable risk
control mechanism, we can prevent the toxic vapor release from process area.
2 Methodology
2.1 Storage Area
Risk assessment in storage area was evaluated by using Public Exposure Guidelines
in ALOHA software, and Public Exposures Guideline are generally used to predict
the effect on members of the general public, if they are exposed to a particular
hazardous chemical in an emergency response situation.
2.1.1 Types of Public Exposures Guideline Are
• AEGLs—Acute Exposures Guidelines Level
• ERPGs—Emergency Responses Planing Guideline
• TEELs—Temporary Emergency Exposures Limit.
Above exposure guidelines has three tiers of exposure values for each chemical,
and they are:
• Tier I—Momentary, minor effects
• Tier II—Unable to escape due to impairment and disabling effects
• Tier III—Life-threatening effects.