Wear Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels
Sintered and Forged Under Partial
Vacuum Atmosphere
C. Rajkumar, J. Udaya Prakash, C. Sarala Rubi, and R. Mariappan
Abstract DSS has a mixture of ferritic and austenitic stainless steel employed in
different industrial branches owing to combined mechanical and corrosion properties.
DSSs utilization is increasing year after year in the automotive and offshore industries. The main objective of this research is to produce Duplex Stainless Steels through
powder metallurgy. In this investigation, two DSSs namely DSS A and DSS B were
prepared using pre-alloyed powders such as 310L and 430L together with the addition
of elemental powders of chromium, nickel, and molybdenum in correct proportions to
obtain the required DSS composition. The powder particles are blended in a pot mill
for 12 h to obtain a homogeneous distribution of alloying elements. Using a Universal
testing machine, DSS with 15 mm radius and 10 mm thickness was compacted at
550 MPa. After compaction powder preforms were sintered at 1350 °C in a partial
vacuum and hydrogen atmospheres. Sintered compacts were forged at 1150 °C and
quenched in water. Wear tests were performed using full factorial experiments (L 16 )
and analyzed using Taguchi’s Signal to Noise ratio analysis. Forged DSS B sintered
under partial vacuum exhibited wear rate of 0.014 mm
3 /mm for 20 N loading condition. ANOVA reveals that material has a contribution of 18% towards wear rate,
closely followed by a condition.
Keywords Duplex stainless steels · Forging · Partial vacuum · ANOVA · S/N
analysis · Wear
1 Introduction
Sintered items fabricated from Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are suitable for many
applications. Therefore, so many researchers are involving in the development of
Duplex Stainless Steels using the powder metallurgy route. Stainless steels are
C. Rajkumar (B) · J. U. Prakash · C. Sarala Rubi · R. Mariappan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D
Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India
e-mail: crajkumartan@gmail.com
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
N. Gascoin and E. Balasubramanian (eds.), Innovative Design, Analysis
and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Lecture Notes
in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_23
223
Sintered and Forged Under Partial
Vacuum Atmosphere
C. Rajkumar, J. Udaya Prakash, C. Sarala Rubi, and R. Mariappan
Abstract DSS has a mixture of ferritic and austenitic stainless steel employed in
different industrial branches owing to combined mechanical and corrosion properties.
DSSs utilization is increasing year after year in the automotive and offshore industries. The main objective of this research is to produce Duplex Stainless Steels through
powder metallurgy. In this investigation, two DSSs namely DSS A and DSS B were
prepared using pre-alloyed powders such as 310L and 430L together with the addition
of elemental powders of chromium, nickel, and molybdenum in correct proportions to
obtain the required DSS composition. The powder particles are blended in a pot mill
for 12 h to obtain a homogeneous distribution of alloying elements. Using a Universal
testing machine, DSS with 15 mm radius and 10 mm thickness was compacted at
550 MPa. After compaction powder preforms were sintered at 1350 °C in a partial
vacuum and hydrogen atmospheres. Sintered compacts were forged at 1150 °C and
quenched in water. Wear tests were performed using full factorial experiments (L 16 )
and analyzed using Taguchi’s Signal to Noise ratio analysis. Forged DSS B sintered
under partial vacuum exhibited wear rate of 0.014 mm
3 /mm for 20 N loading condition. ANOVA reveals that material has a contribution of 18% towards wear rate,
closely followed by a condition.
Keywords Duplex stainless steels · Forging · Partial vacuum · ANOVA · S/N
analysis · Wear
1 Introduction
Sintered items fabricated from Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are suitable for many
applications. Therefore, so many researchers are involving in the development of
Duplex Stainless Steels using the powder metallurgy route. Stainless steels are
C. Rajkumar (B) · J. U. Prakash · C. Sarala Rubi · R. Mariappan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D
Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India
e-mail: crajkumartan@gmail.com
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
N. Gascoin and E. Balasubramanian (eds.), Innovative Design, Analysis
and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Lecture Notes
in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_23
223