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D. Sakthivadivel et al.
biomass cookstove. In this paper, an effort has been made to discuss the AMGCS
with its recent advancements, performance, CO 2 mitigation and payback period.
Keywords Advanced cookstoves · CO 2 mitigation · Emissions · Economics
Nomenclature
LPG
Liquid Petroleum Gas
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
BIS
Bureau of Indian Standards
SPP
Simple Payback Period
C ACS
Investment cost of an AMGCS
C TCS
Investment cost of a TCS
S t
Saving in spending for fuel during period “t”
1 Introduction
Fossil fuels are considered to be a significant focus in meeting global energy demand
after the industrial revolution. However, world fuel reserves are limited and their
large-scale use is associated with environmental deterioration. Emission of pollutants
such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) due to burning of the conventional fossil fuels are
the major cause of global warming subsequently climate change. These facts have
encouraged the use of renewable energy (RE) worldwide due to deteriorating fossil
fuel reserves [1]. The various form of RE technologies based on Solar, Wind, Hydro
power, Biomass and Geothermal are very clean and sustainable. Hence, it is necessary
for the developing countries like India to move towards the use of RE resources. One
form of chemical energy stored as hydrocarbon with presence of sunlight during
photosynthesis process is known as biomass. The stored energy contains 50% of
cellulose, 25% of hemicellulose and rest of the 25% is lignin with an average chemical
composition of CH 1.4 O 0.6 , with minor deviations [2].
Cooking is one of the significant parts of life; food is being a basic need for
human [3]. The people around the world use solid biomass fuels [4–6] for example
wood, charcoal, crops and other agricultural residues, cow dung, shrubs/straw, etc.
for cooking. More than 3 billion people on every corner of the world cook and warm
their home using solid biomass fuels in an open three stone fires and poor efficient
improved cookstoves (ICS). The above said people are economically weaker, and
they live in poor (low income) and middle income countries. The cookstoves used by
them create extreme level of health hazards by generating indoor air pollution (IAP)
D. Sakthivadivel et al.
biomass cookstove. In this paper, an effort has been made to discuss the AMGCS
with its recent advancements, performance, CO 2 mitigation and payback period.
Keywords Advanced cookstoves · CO 2 mitigation · Emissions · Economics
Nomenclature
LPG
Liquid Petroleum Gas
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
BIS
Bureau of Indian Standards
SPP
Simple Payback Period
C ACS
Investment cost of an AMGCS
C TCS
Investment cost of a TCS
S t
Saving in spending for fuel during period “t”
1 Introduction
Fossil fuels are considered to be a significant focus in meeting global energy demand
after the industrial revolution. However, world fuel reserves are limited and their
large-scale use is associated with environmental deterioration. Emission of pollutants
such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) due to burning of the conventional fossil fuels are
the major cause of global warming subsequently climate change. These facts have
encouraged the use of renewable energy (RE) worldwide due to deteriorating fossil
fuel reserves [1]. The various form of RE technologies based on Solar, Wind, Hydro
power, Biomass and Geothermal are very clean and sustainable. Hence, it is necessary
for the developing countries like India to move towards the use of RE resources. One
form of chemical energy stored as hydrocarbon with presence of sunlight during
photosynthesis process is known as biomass. The stored energy contains 50% of
cellulose, 25% of hemicellulose and rest of the 25% is lignin with an average chemical
composition of CH 1.4 O 0.6 , with minor deviations [2].
Cooking is one of the significant parts of life; food is being a basic need for
human [3]. The people around the world use solid biomass fuels [4–6] for example
wood, charcoal, crops and other agricultural residues, cow dung, shrubs/straw, etc.
for cooking. More than 3 billion people on every corner of the world cook and warm
their home using solid biomass fuels in an open three stone fires and poor efficient
improved cookstoves (ICS). The above said people are economically weaker, and
they live in poor (low income) and middle income countries. The cookstoves used by
them create extreme level of health hazards by generating indoor air pollution (IAP)