Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Fabrigoule, C., Commenges, D., & Dartigues, J. F. (1997). A 5-year longitudinal study of the mini-mental state examination in normal aging. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 145, 498–506.
Jones, B., Nagin, D., & Roeder, K. (2001). A SAS procedure based on mixture modelling for
estimating developmental trajectories. Social Methods & Research, 29, 374–393.
Koyano, W., Shibata, H., Nakazato, K., Haga, H., & Suyama, Y. (1991). Measurement of
competence: Reliability and validity of the TMIG index of competence. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 13, 103–116.
Lawton, M. P. (1972). Research planning and action for the elderly: The power and potential of
social science (pp. 122–143). New York: Human Sciencers Press.
Livingston, G., et al. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 390,
2673–2734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6
Lubitz, J., Cai, L., Kramarow, E., & Lentzner, H. (2003). Health, life expectancy, and health care
spending among the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 1048–1055. https://
doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa020614
Makipour, S., Kanapuru, B., & Ershler, W. B. (2008). Unexplained anemia in the elderly. Seminars
in Hematology, 45, 250–254. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.06.003
Murayama, H., et al. (2017). Albumin, hemoglobin, and the trajectory of cognitive function in
community-dwelling older Japanese: A 13-year longitudinal study. The Journal of Prevention of
Alzheimer's Disease, 4, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2016.113
Nadkarni, N. K., et al. (2014). Association between cerebellar gray matter volumes, gait speed, and
information-processing ability in older adults enrolled in the Health ABC study. The Journals of
Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69, 996–1003. https://doi.
org/10.1093/gerona/glt151
Ng, T. P., Niti, M., Feng, L., Kua, E. H., & Yap, K. B. (2009). Albumin, apolipoprotein E-epsilon4
and cognitive decline in community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 57, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02086.x
Rantanen, T., et al. (2003). Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older
disabled women: Exploring the mechanism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51,
636–641.
Rosano, C., Brach, J., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., & Newman, A. B. (2006). Quantitative measures of
gait characteristics indicate prevalence of underlying subclinical structural brain abnormalities
in high-functioning older adults. Neuroepidemiology, 26, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1159/
000089240
Rosano, C., et al. (2008). Special article: Gait measures indicate underlying focal gray matter
atrophy in the brain of older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences
and Medical Sciences, 63, 1380–1388.
Rosano, C., et al. (2012). Slower gait, slower information processing and smaller prefrontal area in
older adults. Age and Ageing, 41, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr113
Shah, R. C., Buchman, A. S., Wilson, R. S., Leurgans, S. E., & Bennett, D. A. (2011). Hemoglobin
level in older persons and incident Alzheimer disease: Prospective cohort analysis. Neurology,
77, 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318225aaa9
Shinkai, S., et al. (2000). Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence
in a Japanese rural community population. Age and Ageing, 29, 441–446.
Shinkai, S., et al. (2016). Public health approach to preventing frailty in the community and its
effect on healthy aging in Japan. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 16(Suppl 1), 87–97.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12726
Taniguchi, Y., Yoshida, H., Fujiwara, Y., Motohashi, Y., & Shinkai, S. (2012). A prospective study
of gait performance and subsequent cognitive decline in a general population of older Japanese.
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 67, 796–803.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr243
Taniguchi, Y., et al. (2014). Nutritional biomarkers and subsequent cognitive decline among
community-dwelling older Japanese: A prospective study. The Journals of Gerontology.
A New Informatics: Trajectory Patterns in Health Indexes for Japanese Elders. . .
79
Epidemiology, 145, 498–506.
Jones, B., Nagin, D., & Roeder, K. (2001). A SAS procedure based on mixture modelling for
estimating developmental trajectories. Social Methods & Research, 29, 374–393.
Koyano, W., Shibata, H., Nakazato, K., Haga, H., & Suyama, Y. (1991). Measurement of
competence: Reliability and validity of the TMIG index of competence. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 13, 103–116.
Lawton, M. P. (1972). Research planning and action for the elderly: The power and potential of
social science (pp. 122–143). New York: Human Sciencers Press.
Livingston, G., et al. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 390,
2673–2734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6
Lubitz, J., Cai, L., Kramarow, E., & Lentzner, H. (2003). Health, life expectancy, and health care
spending among the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 1048–1055. https://
doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa020614
Makipour, S., Kanapuru, B., & Ershler, W. B. (2008). Unexplained anemia in the elderly. Seminars
in Hematology, 45, 250–254. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.06.003
Murayama, H., et al. (2017). Albumin, hemoglobin, and the trajectory of cognitive function in
community-dwelling older Japanese: A 13-year longitudinal study. The Journal of Prevention of
Alzheimer's Disease, 4, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2016.113
Nadkarni, N. K., et al. (2014). Association between cerebellar gray matter volumes, gait speed, and
information-processing ability in older adults enrolled in the Health ABC study. The Journals of
Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69, 996–1003. https://doi.
org/10.1093/gerona/glt151
Ng, T. P., Niti, M., Feng, L., Kua, E. H., & Yap, K. B. (2009). Albumin, apolipoprotein E-epsilon4
and cognitive decline in community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 57, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02086.x
Rantanen, T., et al. (2003). Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older
disabled women: Exploring the mechanism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51,
636–641.
Rosano, C., Brach, J., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., & Newman, A. B. (2006). Quantitative measures of
gait characteristics indicate prevalence of underlying subclinical structural brain abnormalities
in high-functioning older adults. Neuroepidemiology, 26, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1159/
000089240
Rosano, C., et al. (2008). Special article: Gait measures indicate underlying focal gray matter
atrophy in the brain of older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences
and Medical Sciences, 63, 1380–1388.
Rosano, C., et al. (2012). Slower gait, slower information processing and smaller prefrontal area in
older adults. Age and Ageing, 41, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr113
Shah, R. C., Buchman, A. S., Wilson, R. S., Leurgans, S. E., & Bennett, D. A. (2011). Hemoglobin
level in older persons and incident Alzheimer disease: Prospective cohort analysis. Neurology,
77, 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318225aaa9
Shinkai, S., et al. (2000). Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence
in a Japanese rural community population. Age and Ageing, 29, 441–446.
Shinkai, S., et al. (2016). Public health approach to preventing frailty in the community and its
effect on healthy aging in Japan. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 16(Suppl 1), 87–97.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12726
Taniguchi, Y., Yoshida, H., Fujiwara, Y., Motohashi, Y., & Shinkai, S. (2012). A prospective study
of gait performance and subsequent cognitive decline in a general population of older Japanese.
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 67, 796–803.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr243
Taniguchi, Y., et al. (2014). Nutritional biomarkers and subsequent cognitive decline among
community-dwelling older Japanese: A prospective study. The Journals of Gerontology.
A New Informatics: Trajectory Patterns in Health Indexes for Japanese Elders. . .
79