become important in reducing medical expenses, and bias in medical expenditure
and the implementation of personalized medicine through the application of information technology has been proposed as a means via which to achieve this.
The foundation of modern medicine involves the provision of care based on
experience, with the goal of universal standardization for all. However, in the future,
although standardization (evidence-based practice) will continue to develop, medical
care that reflects patients’ individuality will also be required. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that those providing medical care today acquire the ability to predict
future care needs through personalized medicine.
5 Telenursing Required for Community-Based,
Integrated Care
Figure 2 depicts a future model of community-based integrated care presented by the
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2017). To achieve this, interprofessional
information sharing will be vital. Previously, expert opinion was commonly at the
forefront of intervention in medicine and caregiving. Consequently, the implementation of a mutual action plan involving two different perspectives: “medical/nursing” shown in the top left and “caregiving/welfare” in the top right of Fig. 2 were the
focus, with the “client” often disregarded from start to finish. In other words,
conventional medicine at treatment-focused hospitals has progressed as medical
care that manages patients. Currently, hospitalization durations are approximately
2 weeks on average; therefore, once the necessary treatment is complete, the patient
is discharged and returns to the community when typical nursing care would start. In
this situation, hospital nurses perform only duties supporting in-hospital medical
care (organizing and communicating observation information), and nursing care,
such as lifestyle support or therapeutic care techniques, begins after the patient has
Fig. 2 Establishing the community-based integrated care system. NPOs nonprofit organizations,
PCP primary care physician
30
T. Kawaguchi and K. Toyomasu
and the implementation of personalized medicine through the application of information technology has been proposed as a means via which to achieve this.
The foundation of modern medicine involves the provision of care based on
experience, with the goal of universal standardization for all. However, in the future,
although standardization (evidence-based practice) will continue to develop, medical
care that reflects patients’ individuality will also be required. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that those providing medical care today acquire the ability to predict
future care needs through personalized medicine.
5 Telenursing Required for Community-Based,
Integrated Care
Figure 2 depicts a future model of community-based integrated care presented by the
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2017). To achieve this, interprofessional
information sharing will be vital. Previously, expert opinion was commonly at the
forefront of intervention in medicine and caregiving. Consequently, the implementation of a mutual action plan involving two different perspectives: “medical/nursing” shown in the top left and “caregiving/welfare” in the top right of Fig. 2 were the
focus, with the “client” often disregarded from start to finish. In other words,
conventional medicine at treatment-focused hospitals has progressed as medical
care that manages patients. Currently, hospitalization durations are approximately
2 weeks on average; therefore, once the necessary treatment is complete, the patient
is discharged and returns to the community when typical nursing care would start. In
this situation, hospital nurses perform only duties supporting in-hospital medical
care (organizing and communicating observation information), and nursing care,
such as lifestyle support or therapeutic care techniques, begins after the patient has
Fig. 2 Establishing the community-based integrated care system. NPOs nonprofit organizations,
PCP primary care physician
30
T. Kawaguchi and K. Toyomasu