42
2 Conventional Approaches for Waste Management …
Fig. 2.6 Imports, exports and transition of hazardous waste and hazardous recyclable materials in
Canada between the years of 2007 and 2016. Reprinted with permission from Environment and
Climate Change Canada [29]
followed by physical or chemical treatment (34%), landfilling in specially designed
sites (22%), biological treatment (4%) and interim operations such as blending or
mixing, repacking and temporary storage (2%), as illustrated in Fig. 2.7.
Meanwhile, the exported hazardous waste from Canada in 2016 was more than
410,000 tonnes, of which around 85% were the hazardous recyclable waste. In 2016,
around 98% of the exports were intended for the United States and the rest was
destined for Mexico, Belgium, Germany and Republic of Korea [29]. The exported
hazardous recyclable waste was mainly treated for the regeneration of acids and bases
(41%), recovering metals and metal compounds (26%), temporary storage prior to
recycling (14%) and recovering inorganic materials other than metals (7%) [29].
The major part of the hazardous non-recyclable waste exported in 2016 was destined
for disposal in specific landfills (27%) followed by physical or chemical treatments
(23%), release into or onto land (21%), thermal treatment such as incineration (12%),
deep injection in soil (12%) and blending or mixing prior to final disposal (5%).