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2 Conventional Approaches for Waste Management …
2.1 Waste Generation in Canada
Canadian society such as households, businesses, and industries produces waste in
many forms and concentrations including solid wastes, wastewater, organic waste and
air emissions. The generated amounts of wastewater, solid wastes and air emissions
in Canada in 2017 are shown in Fig. 2.1. Among all types of waste, the amount of
wastewater generation by weight was the largest. The total wastewater generation
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Manufacturing
Mineral Extraction
Thermal-Electric Poewer
Generation
Cubic Meters ( 10 6
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Oil Sand Tailings Mine Tailings Mine Waste Rock Livestock Manure Municipal Solid
Waste
Tonnes ( 10 6
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CO2
CH4
N2O
HFCs, PFCs, SF6 & NF3
Mt CO
2 eq
(a)
(b)
(c)
×
×
Fig. 2.1 Generation amounts of wastewater (a), solid wastes (b), and air emissions (c) in Canada
in 2017, 2008 and 2018, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Environment and Climate
Change Canada [1, 2, 4, 5]