1.3 Waste Management Strategies
13
with no energy recovery from the combustion process. This method is less popular
than landfilling in Canada. One of the advantages of incineration is the reduction of
the overall volume of the waste, however, incineration contributes to air pollution
(SO x , NO x , dioxins, PM and heavy metals). There are small and mobile incinerators
across the country, except a large MSW incinerator in Quebec (>25 tonnes/day),
treating both MSW and small quantities of hazardous waste.
1.3.2.2 New Strategies for Waste Management
Waste management has become a legally, technically and commercially complex
process. New development in waste management has been focused on preventing
and minimizing waste production as well as reusing waste through recycling or
recovering. This required changes to the waste collection, diversion and disposal
systems. This could be done through some new approaches: command and control
strategies, economic and institutional policies as well as education and monitoring,
as described below.
(1) Command and control strategies
Command and control refer to direct regulations or activities by legislation to set
a standard and guideline for all to follow. Examples of these regulations include
federal, provincial and municipal laws and policies regarding waste disposal and
diversion such as laws for banning specific items and wastes from landfilling and
pollution control regulations.
Under the Constitution Act, 1867, environmental matters and issues are assigned
to federal and provincial levels of government. The federal government is involved
with the regulations and management of toxic substances (and prescribed nonhazardous waste destined for final disposal) regulated under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), waste management on federal lands and in federal
facilities, nuclear wastes (regulated under the Atomic Energy Control Act) and the
transboundary transportation of hazardous wastes which requires the supplier to
provide the WHMIS labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for sale or importation
[28, 30]. Provincial governments play an important role in waste management. They
have specific rules and regulations to govern the disposal and recycling of wastes.
Most of the regulations regarding hazardous waste management are assigned to the
provincial governments and the definitions for hazardous waste and regulations for
their use and disposal might vary from one province to another [28]. In Ontario, there
are several key laws and regulations regarding waste and recycling. These include
R.R.O. 1990, Regulation 347- General Waste Regulation, which provides regulations on garbage, municipal waste, asbestos, hazardous waste and liquid industrial
wastes; the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) of Ontario, which provides regulations for protection and conservation of the natural environment; Waste Audit and
Reduction Work Plan Regulation; Packaging Audits and Packaging Reduction Work
Plans; Waste Management Projects; IC&I Source Separation Programs; the Waste
13
with no energy recovery from the combustion process. This method is less popular
than landfilling in Canada. One of the advantages of incineration is the reduction of
the overall volume of the waste, however, incineration contributes to air pollution
(SO x , NO x , dioxins, PM and heavy metals). There are small and mobile incinerators
across the country, except a large MSW incinerator in Quebec (>25 tonnes/day),
treating both MSW and small quantities of hazardous waste.
1.3.2.2 New Strategies for Waste Management
Waste management has become a legally, technically and commercially complex
process. New development in waste management has been focused on preventing
and minimizing waste production as well as reusing waste through recycling or
recovering. This required changes to the waste collection, diversion and disposal
systems. This could be done through some new approaches: command and control
strategies, economic and institutional policies as well as education and monitoring,
as described below.
(1) Command and control strategies
Command and control refer to direct regulations or activities by legislation to set
a standard and guideline for all to follow. Examples of these regulations include
federal, provincial and municipal laws and policies regarding waste disposal and
diversion such as laws for banning specific items and wastes from landfilling and
pollution control regulations.
Under the Constitution Act, 1867, environmental matters and issues are assigned
to federal and provincial levels of government. The federal government is involved
with the regulations and management of toxic substances (and prescribed nonhazardous waste destined for final disposal) regulated under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), waste management on federal lands and in federal
facilities, nuclear wastes (regulated under the Atomic Energy Control Act) and the
transboundary transportation of hazardous wastes which requires the supplier to
provide the WHMIS labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for sale or importation
[28, 30]. Provincial governments play an important role in waste management. They
have specific rules and regulations to govern the disposal and recycling of wastes.
Most of the regulations regarding hazardous waste management are assigned to the
provincial governments and the definitions for hazardous waste and regulations for
their use and disposal might vary from one province to another [28]. In Ontario, there
are several key laws and regulations regarding waste and recycling. These include
R.R.O. 1990, Regulation 347- General Waste Regulation, which provides regulations on garbage, municipal waste, asbestos, hazardous waste and liquid industrial
wastes; the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) of Ontario, which provides regulations for protection and conservation of the natural environment; Waste Audit and
Reduction Work Plan Regulation; Packaging Audits and Packaging Reduction Work
Plans; Waste Management Projects; IC&I Source Separation Programs; the Waste