Chapter 8
Summary
This book aims at introducing advanced or emerging technologies for the conversion of various wastes (e.g., municipal wastewater and sludge, e-waste, waste plastics and resins, crop residues, forestry residues, lignin, etc.) into a variety of highvalue products including energy, chemicals and materials. Energy and resources
can be recovered from various residential, industrial and commercial wastes, such
as municipal wastewater and sludge, e-waste, waste plastics and resins, crop and
forestry residues and lignin. Advanced waste-to-resource and energy technologies like pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, fractionation, de-polymerization,
gasification, carbonization, etc. are introduced.
The book starts with a general introduction to waste generation and their health
and environmental impacts. The characterization of wastes is outlined in Chap. 1.
Hazardous and non-hazardous waste streams are introduced and the management
approaches of the wastes and recyclable materials in each stream are discussed. In
addition, the waste management strategy and regulations in Canada are reviewed.
This chapter stresses the necessity of reducing waste at the source, as the most
preferred waste management strategy followed by reusing the waste, recycling and
composting, energy and materials recovery (the so-called 4R’s), and finally disposal.
The health and environmental impacts of the wastes and waste management methods
are also outlined in this chapter.
In Chap. 2, various conventional approaches to managing different waste streams
in Canada are described. Disposal and diversion are identified as the two main
methods for non-hazardous waste management. The technologies of each method
and their environmental and health issues are discussed and a few examples of the
operating facilities in Canada are reviewed. It is noted that for hazardous wastes,
reduction at the source is the most effective approach, followed by approaches
of reduction of the volume, toxicity and hazardousness of the waste components
for easier disposal or recovery and re-use. The chapter also includes conventional
approaches for municipal and industrial wastewater management, associated with
the potential environmental and health hazards for these approaches.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
L. Nazari et al., Advanced and Emerging Technologies for Resource Recovery
from Wastes, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_8
205
Summary
This book aims at introducing advanced or emerging technologies for the conversion of various wastes (e.g., municipal wastewater and sludge, e-waste, waste plastics and resins, crop residues, forestry residues, lignin, etc.) into a variety of highvalue products including energy, chemicals and materials. Energy and resources
can be recovered from various residential, industrial and commercial wastes, such
as municipal wastewater and sludge, e-waste, waste plastics and resins, crop and
forestry residues and lignin. Advanced waste-to-resource and energy technologies like pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, fractionation, de-polymerization,
gasification, carbonization, etc. are introduced.
The book starts with a general introduction to waste generation and their health
and environmental impacts. The characterization of wastes is outlined in Chap. 1.
Hazardous and non-hazardous waste streams are introduced and the management
approaches of the wastes and recyclable materials in each stream are discussed. In
addition, the waste management strategy and regulations in Canada are reviewed.
This chapter stresses the necessity of reducing waste at the source, as the most
preferred waste management strategy followed by reusing the waste, recycling and
composting, energy and materials recovery (the so-called 4R’s), and finally disposal.
The health and environmental impacts of the wastes and waste management methods
are also outlined in this chapter.
In Chap. 2, various conventional approaches to managing different waste streams
in Canada are described. Disposal and diversion are identified as the two main
methods for non-hazardous waste management. The technologies of each method
and their environmental and health issues are discussed and a few examples of the
operating facilities in Canada are reviewed. It is noted that for hazardous wastes,
reduction at the source is the most effective approach, followed by approaches
of reduction of the volume, toxicity and hazardousness of the waste components
for easier disposal or recovery and re-use. The chapter also includes conventional
approaches for municipal and industrial wastewater management, associated with
the potential environmental and health hazards for these approaches.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
L. Nazari et al., Advanced and Emerging Technologies for Resource Recovery
from Wastes, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_8
205