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23. Lan W, Liu CF, Sun RC (2011) Fractionation of bagasse into cellulose, hemicelluloses,
and lignin with ionic liquid treatment followed by alkaline extraction. J Agric Food Chem
59(16):8691–8701
24. Mohammed NI, Kabbashi N, Alade A (2008) Significance of agricultural residues in sustainable
biofuel development. In: Agricultural waste and residues, pp 71–88
25. Hartman M (2008) Estimating the value of crop residues. Open Government Licence - Alberta
26. Brodeur G, Yau E, Badal K, Collier J, Ramachandran KB, Ramakrishnan S (2011) Chemical and
physicochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: a review. Enzyme Res 2011(1):1–17
27. Kumar AK, Sharma S (2017) Recent updates on different methods of pretreatment of
lignocellulosic feedstocks: a review. Bioresour Bioprocess 4(1):1–19
28. Chen H (2015) Lignocellulose biorefinery feedstock engineering. Woodhead Publishing
29. Jiménez L, Rodríguez A (2010) Valorization of agricultural residues by fractionation of their
components. Open Agric J 4(1):125–134
30. Fernández-Rodríguez J, Erdocia X, Hernández-Ramos F, Alriols MG, Labidi J (2019) Lignin
separation and fractionation by ultrafiltration. In: Separation of functional molecules in food
by membrane technology, pp 229–265
31. Hamaguchi M, Cardoso M, Vakkilainen E (2012) Alternative technologies for biofuels
production in kraft pulp mills-potential and prospects. Energies 5(7):2288–2309
32. Saeed HAM, Liu Y, Lucia LA, Chen H (2017) Suitable approach using agricultural residues
for pulp and paper manufacturing. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 32(4):671–679
33. Hurter RW, Byrd MV (2018) Pulping and TCF bleaching of Canadian wheat straw and oat
straw. In: Pulping engineering and environmental recycling sustainability conference, PEERS
2018: technical solutions for today and beyond, pp 207–220
34. Madakadze IC, Radiotis T, Li J, Goel K, Smith DL (1999) Kraft pulping characteristics and
pulp properties of warm season grasses. Bioresour Technol 69(1):75–85
35. Yuan Z, Wen Y, Kapu NS, Beatson R, Mark Martinez D (2017) A biorefinery scheme to
fractionate bamboo into high-grade dissolving pulp and ethanol. Biotechnol Biofuels 10(1):1–
16
36. Buzala KP, Kalinowska H, Malachowska E, Boruszewski P, Krajewski K, Przybysz P (2019)
The effect of lignin content in birch and beech kraft cellulosic pulps on simple sugar yields
from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Energies 12(15):1–11
37. Solár R et al (2011) Alkaline and alkaline/oxidation pre-treatments of spruce wood (Picea
Abies)—impact on the quality of kraft pulp. Bioresour Technol 102(2):1921–1927
38. Shui T (2016) Fractionation of cornstalk into cellulose and lignin for the production of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (Thesis). The University of Western Ontario
39. Shui T, Feng S, Yuan Z, Kuboki T, Xu C (2016) Highly efficient organosolv fractionation of
cornstalk into cellulose and lignin in organic acids. Bioresour Technol 218:953–961
40. Jahan MS, Chowdhury DAN, Islam MK (2007) Atmospheric formic acid pulping and TCF
bleaching of dhaincha (Sesbania Aculeata), kash (Saccharum Spontaneum) and banana stem
(Musa Cavendish). Ind Crops Prod 26(3):324–331
41. Dapía S, Santos V, Parajó JC (2002) Study of formic acid as an agent for biomass fractionation.
Biomass Bioenergy 22(3):213–221
42. Lam HQ, Le Bigot Y, Delmas M, Avignon GG (2001) Formic acid pulping of rice straw. Ind
Crops Prod 14(1):65–71
43. Xu F, Sun J-X, Sun R, Fowler P, Baird MS (2006) Comparative study of organosolv lignins
from wheat straw. Ind Crops Prod 23(2):180–193
44. Snelders J et al (2014) Biorefining of wheat straw using an acetic and formic acid based
organosolv fractionation process. Bioresour Technol 156:275–282
45. Kim GH, Um BH (2020) Fractionation and characterization of lignins from miscanthus via
organosolv and soda pulping for biorefinery applications. Int J Biol Macromol 158:443–451
46. Jiang Z, He T, Li J, Hu C (2014) Selective conversion of lignin in corncob residue to
monophenols with high yield and selectivity. Green Chem 16(9):4257–4265
203
23. Lan W, Liu CF, Sun RC (2011) Fractionation of bagasse into cellulose, hemicelluloses,
and lignin with ionic liquid treatment followed by alkaline extraction. J Agric Food Chem
59(16):8691–8701
24. Mohammed NI, Kabbashi N, Alade A (2008) Significance of agricultural residues in sustainable
biofuel development. In: Agricultural waste and residues, pp 71–88
25. Hartman M (2008) Estimating the value of crop residues. Open Government Licence - Alberta
26. Brodeur G, Yau E, Badal K, Collier J, Ramachandran KB, Ramakrishnan S (2011) Chemical and
physicochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: a review. Enzyme Res 2011(1):1–17
27. Kumar AK, Sharma S (2017) Recent updates on different methods of pretreatment of
lignocellulosic feedstocks: a review. Bioresour Bioprocess 4(1):1–19
28. Chen H (2015) Lignocellulose biorefinery feedstock engineering. Woodhead Publishing
29. Jiménez L, Rodríguez A (2010) Valorization of agricultural residues by fractionation of their
components. Open Agric J 4(1):125–134
30. Fernández-Rodríguez J, Erdocia X, Hernández-Ramos F, Alriols MG, Labidi J (2019) Lignin
separation and fractionation by ultrafiltration. In: Separation of functional molecules in food
by membrane technology, pp 229–265
31. Hamaguchi M, Cardoso M, Vakkilainen E (2012) Alternative technologies for biofuels
production in kraft pulp mills-potential and prospects. Energies 5(7):2288–2309
32. Saeed HAM, Liu Y, Lucia LA, Chen H (2017) Suitable approach using agricultural residues
for pulp and paper manufacturing. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 32(4):671–679
33. Hurter RW, Byrd MV (2018) Pulping and TCF bleaching of Canadian wheat straw and oat
straw. In: Pulping engineering and environmental recycling sustainability conference, PEERS
2018: technical solutions for today and beyond, pp 207–220
34. Madakadze IC, Radiotis T, Li J, Goel K, Smith DL (1999) Kraft pulping characteristics and
pulp properties of warm season grasses. Bioresour Technol 69(1):75–85
35. Yuan Z, Wen Y, Kapu NS, Beatson R, Mark Martinez D (2017) A biorefinery scheme to
fractionate bamboo into high-grade dissolving pulp and ethanol. Biotechnol Biofuels 10(1):1–
16
36. Buzala KP, Kalinowska H, Malachowska E, Boruszewski P, Krajewski K, Przybysz P (2019)
The effect of lignin content in birch and beech kraft cellulosic pulps on simple sugar yields
from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Energies 12(15):1–11
37. Solár R et al (2011) Alkaline and alkaline/oxidation pre-treatments of spruce wood (Picea
Abies)—impact on the quality of kraft pulp. Bioresour Technol 102(2):1921–1927
38. Shui T (2016) Fractionation of cornstalk into cellulose and lignin for the production of sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose (Thesis). The University of Western Ontario
39. Shui T, Feng S, Yuan Z, Kuboki T, Xu C (2016) Highly efficient organosolv fractionation of
cornstalk into cellulose and lignin in organic acids. Bioresour Technol 218:953–961
40. Jahan MS, Chowdhury DAN, Islam MK (2007) Atmospheric formic acid pulping and TCF
bleaching of dhaincha (Sesbania Aculeata), kash (Saccharum Spontaneum) and banana stem
(Musa Cavendish). Ind Crops Prod 26(3):324–331
41. Dapía S, Santos V, Parajó JC (2002) Study of formic acid as an agent for biomass fractionation.
Biomass Bioenergy 22(3):213–221
42. Lam HQ, Le Bigot Y, Delmas M, Avignon GG (2001) Formic acid pulping of rice straw. Ind
Crops Prod 14(1):65–71
43. Xu F, Sun J-X, Sun R, Fowler P, Baird MS (2006) Comparative study of organosolv lignins
from wheat straw. Ind Crops Prod 23(2):180–193
44. Snelders J et al (2014) Biorefining of wheat straw using an acetic and formic acid based
organosolv fractionation process. Bioresour Technol 156:275–282
45. Kim GH, Um BH (2020) Fractionation and characterization of lignins from miscanthus via
organosolv and soda pulping for biorefinery applications. Int J Biol Macromol 158:443–451
46. Jiang Z, He T, Li J, Hu C (2014) Selective conversion of lignin in corncob residue to
monophenols with high yield and selectivity. Green Chem 16(9):4257–4265