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78. Strong PJ, Gapes DJ (2012) Thermal and thermo-chemical pre-treatment of four waste
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a pre-treatment stage for anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 91(2):201–206
84. Devlin DC, Esteves SRR, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2011) The effect of acid pretreatment
on the anaerobic digestion and dewatering of waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol
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63. Duan PG, Li SC, Jiao JL, Wang F, Xu YP (2018) Supercritical water gasification of microalgae
over a two-component catalyst mixture. Sci Total Environ 630:243–253
64. Hossain MZ, Chowdhury MBI, Jhawar AK, Charpentier PA (2017) Supercritical water gasification of glucose using bimetallic aerogel Ru-Ni-Al 2 O 3 catalyst for H 2 production. Biomass
Bioenerg 107:39–51
65. Roos CJ (2010) Clean heat and power using biomass gasification for industrial and agricultural
projects. U.S. Department of Energy, Clean Energy Application Center
66. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/engineer/facts/07-057.htm#2
67. https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/biochemical-conversion-technologies/
68. Kim D, Lee K, Park KY (2015) Enhancement of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of
waste activated sludge by hydrothermal pre-treatment. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 101:42–46
69. Appels L, Baeyens J, Degrève J, Dewil R (2008) Principles and potential of the anaerobic
digestion of waste-activated sludge. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34(6):755–781
70. Kondusamy D, Kalamdhad AS (2014) Pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion of food waste
for high rate methane production—a review. J Environ Chem Eng 2(3):1821–1830
71. Costa A, Ely C, Pennington M, Rock S, Staniec C, Turgeon J (2015) Anaerobic digestion and
its applications. United States Environ. Prot. Agency
72. Nielsen HB, Thygesen A, Thomsen AB, Schmidt JE (2011) Anaerobic digestion of waste
activated sludge-comparison of thermal pretreatments with thermal inter-stage treatments. J
Chem Technol Biotechnol 86(2):238–245
73. Neyens E, Baeyens J (2003) A review of thermal sludge pre-treatment processes to improve
dewaterability. J Hazard Mater 98(1–3):51–67
74. Appels L, Degrève J, Van der Bruggen B, Van Impe J, Dewil R (2010) Influence of low
temperature thermal pre-treatment on sludge solubilisation, heavy metal release and anaerobic
digestion. Bioresour Technol 101(15):5743–5748
75. Tanaka S, Kobayashi T, Kamiyama K, Bildan MLNS (1997) Effects of thermochemical
pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Water Sci Technol
35(8):209–215
76. Dhar BR, Elbeshbishy E, Hafez H, Nakhla G, Ray MB (2011) Thermo-oxidative pretreatment
of municipal waste activated sludge for volatile sulfur compounds removal and enhanced
anaerobic digestion. Chem Eng J 174(1):166–174
77. Ferrer I, Ponsá S, Vázquez F, Font X (2008) Increasing biogas production by thermal (70 °C)
sludge pre-treatment prior to thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Biochem Eng J 42(2):186–192
78. Strong PJ, Gapes DJ (2012) Thermal and thermo-chemical pre-treatment of four waste
residues and the effect on acetic acid production and methane synthesis. Waste Manag
32(9):1669–1677
79. Dhar BR, Nakhla G, Ray MB (2012) Techno-economic evaluation of ultrasound and thermal
pretreatments for enhanced anaerobic digestion of municipal waste activated sludge. Waste
Manag 32(3):542–549
80. Ariunbaatar J, Panico A, Esposito G, Pirozzi F, Lens PNL (2014) Pretreatment methods to
enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste. Appl Energy 123:143–156
81. Sarkar S, Ali S, Rehmann L, Nakhla G, Ray MB (2014) Degradation of estrone in water and
wastewater by various advanced oxidation processes. J Hazard Mater 278:16–24
82. Rajan RV, Lin J, Ray BT (1989) Low-level chemical pretreatment for enhanced sludge
solubilization. Res J Water Pollut Control Fed 61(11/12):1678–1683
83. Vlyssides AG, Karlis PK (2004) Thermal-alkaline solubilization of waste activated sludge as
a pre-treatment stage for anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 91(2):201–206
84. Devlin DC, Esteves SRR, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2011) The effect of acid pretreatment
on the anaerobic digestion and dewatering of waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol
102(5):4076–4082
85. Kalogo Y, Monteith H (2008) State of science report: energy and resource recovery from
sludge
86. Abelleira J, Pérez-Elvira SI, Sánchez-Oneto J, Portela JR, Nebot E (2012) Advanced thermal
hydrolysis of secondary sewage sludge: a novel process combining thermal hydrolysis and
hydrogen peroxide addition. Resour Conserv Recycl 59:52–57