1.10 Cyanoremediation
It is the process to remediate metals in the environment using cyanobacterial or blue
green algae (BGA). This controls the heavy metals using either wild or genetically
engineered cyanobacteria (Yin et al. 2012). This blue green algae help to remediate
the arsenic from the aquatic environments. BGA prefer to remediate the heavy
metals from aquatic and wetland ecosystem (Fiset et al. 2008) especially agricultural
rice cultivated areas (Tripathi et al. 2012).
Deng et al. (2007) studied that green algae Cladophora fascicularis used to
eliminate Pb(II) from waste water. Lee and Chang (2011) estimated the biosorption
capacity of Cyanobacteria species and found Spirogyra and Cladophora removed the
Pb and copper from the aquatic environment. Mane and Bhosle (2012) observed that
Spirogyra showed the maximum biodegradation of metals from the environment Cu
(89.6%), Cr (98.23%), Mn (99.6%), Fe (99.73%), Se (98.16%) and Zn (81.53) and in
case of Spirulina sp. Cr (98.3%), Fe (98.93%), Se (98.83%), Cu (81.2), Se (98.83)
and Zn (79%).
1.11 Factors Affecting Bioremediation
Rhizospheric microbes react on the pollutants through the secretion of various
catalysts based on the wastes. Bioremediation reactions depend on various factors
that include nature of pollutants, chemical concentration of pollutants, physicochemical properties of wastes, environmental characters and availability of microbial
numbers. In the environment, the wastes and biodegradable microbes are not equally
present; hence, for this purpose, controlling and optimizing of bioremediation is the
complex process due to many factors including pollutions, microbial contents and
environmental factors, viz. temperature, pH, soil, electron acceptors, presence and
absence of oxygen and nutrients.
1.12 Conclusion
Studying the rhizospheric microbial diversity in a wide array of plant root system is a
major struggle for research involving plant microbe interactions as it is quite difficult
to answer specific community structures, how the particular community interacting
with other microbes, influence of biotic and abiotic stress conditions and their
alteration towards the rhizospheric microbes, etc. While considering the beneficial
microbes in the root system, it conveys that the root exudates and other nutrients
discussed in this chapter certainly influence the presence of beneficial microbes in
the rhizospheric region and their interaction with the plant system. Rhizospheric
microbes are highly beneficial in nutrient solubilization, mobilization, providing
16
M. Gomathy et al.
It is the process to remediate metals in the environment using cyanobacterial or blue
green algae (BGA). This controls the heavy metals using either wild or genetically
engineered cyanobacteria (Yin et al. 2012). This blue green algae help to remediate
the arsenic from the aquatic environments. BGA prefer to remediate the heavy
metals from aquatic and wetland ecosystem (Fiset et al. 2008) especially agricultural
rice cultivated areas (Tripathi et al. 2012).
Deng et al. (2007) studied that green algae Cladophora fascicularis used to
eliminate Pb(II) from waste water. Lee and Chang (2011) estimated the biosorption
capacity of Cyanobacteria species and found Spirogyra and Cladophora removed the
Pb and copper from the aquatic environment. Mane and Bhosle (2012) observed that
Spirogyra showed the maximum biodegradation of metals from the environment Cu
(89.6%), Cr (98.23%), Mn (99.6%), Fe (99.73%), Se (98.16%) and Zn (81.53) and in
case of Spirulina sp. Cr (98.3%), Fe (98.93%), Se (98.83%), Cu (81.2), Se (98.83)
and Zn (79%).
1.11 Factors Affecting Bioremediation
Rhizospheric microbes react on the pollutants through the secretion of various
catalysts based on the wastes. Bioremediation reactions depend on various factors
that include nature of pollutants, chemical concentration of pollutants, physicochemical properties of wastes, environmental characters and availability of microbial
numbers. In the environment, the wastes and biodegradable microbes are not equally
present; hence, for this purpose, controlling and optimizing of bioremediation is the
complex process due to many factors including pollutions, microbial contents and
environmental factors, viz. temperature, pH, soil, electron acceptors, presence and
absence of oxygen and nutrients.
1.12 Conclusion
Studying the rhizospheric microbial diversity in a wide array of plant root system is a
major struggle for research involving plant microbe interactions as it is quite difficult
to answer specific community structures, how the particular community interacting
with other microbes, influence of biotic and abiotic stress conditions and their
alteration towards the rhizospheric microbes, etc. While considering the beneficial
microbes in the root system, it conveys that the root exudates and other nutrients
discussed in this chapter certainly influence the presence of beneficial microbes in
the rhizospheric region and their interaction with the plant system. Rhizospheric
microbes are highly beneficial in nutrient solubilization, mobilization, providing
16
M. Gomathy et al.