Orpin CG (1975) Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis. J Gen Microbiol 91(2):249–
262. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-91-2-249
Orpin CG (1977) On the induction of zoosporogenesis
in the rumen phycomycetes Neocallimastix frontalis, Piromonas communis and Sphaeromonas
communis. J Gen Microbiol 101(2):181–189.
https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-101-2-181
Paul SS, Kamra DN, Sastry VR, Sahu NP, Agarwal N
(2004) Effect of anaerobic fungi on in vitro feed
digestion by mixed rumen microflora of buffalo.
Reprod Nutr Dev 44 (4):313–319.. http://www.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15535463
Paul SS, Deb SM, Punia BS, Das KS, Singh G, Ashar MN,
Kumar R (2011) Effect of feeding isolates of anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix sp. CF 17 on growth
rate and fibre digestion in buffalo calves. Arch
Anim Nutr 65(3):215–228. https://doi.org/
10.1080/1745039X.2011.559722
Peng XN, Gilmore SP, O’Malley MA (2016) Microbial
communities for bioprocessing: lessons learned
from nature. Curr Opin Chem Eng 14:103–109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2016.09.003
Peng X, Swift CL, Theodorou MK, O’Malley MA (2018)
Methods for genomic characterization and maintenance of anaerobic fungi. In: de Vries RP, Tsang
A, Grigoriev I (eds) Fungal genomics. Methods in
molecular biology, vol 1775. Humana, New York
Podolsky IA, Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Lankiewicz TS, Brown JL, Swift
CL, O’Malley MA (2019) Harnessing nature’s anaerobes for biotechnology and bioprocessing. 10 (1).
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng060718-030340
Poidevin L, Levasseur A, Pae ¨s G, Navarro D,
Heiss-Blanquet S, Asther M, Record E (2009) Heterologous production of the Piromyces equi cinnamoyl esterase in Trichoderma reesei for
biotechnological applications. Lett Appl Microbiol
49(6):673–678.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472765X.2009.02734.x
Prasad V, Stro ¨mberg CAE, Alimohammadian H, Sahni
A (2005) Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science 310
(5751):1177–1180.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118806
Procha ´zka J, Mra ´zek J, S ˇ trosova ´ L, Fliegerova ´ K, Za ´branska ´ J, Doha ´nyos M (2012) Enhanced biogas
yield from energy crops with rumen anaerobic
fungi. Eng Life Sci 12(3):343–351. https://doi.org/
10.1002/elsc.201100076
Qiu X, Selinger B, Yanke LJ, Cheng KJ (2000) Isolation
and analysis of two cellulase cDNAs from Orpinomyces joyonii. Gene 245 (1):119–126. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00028-7
Ranganathan A, Smith OP, Youssef NH, Struchtemeyer
CG, Atiyeh HK, Elshahed MS (2017) Utilizing
anaerobic fungi for two-stage sugar extraction
and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Front Microbiol 8(635):635. https://doi.org/
10.3389/fmicb.2017.00635
Ribeiro GO, Oss DB, He Z, Gruninger RJ, Elekwachi C,
Forster RJ, Yang W, Beauchemin KA, McAllister
TA (2017) Repeated inoculation of cattle rumen
with bison rumen contents alters the rumen
microbiome and improves nitrogen digestibility
in cattle. Sci Rep 7(1):1276. https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-017-01269-3
Sauer M, Porro D, Mattanovich D, Branduardi P (2008)
Microbial production of organic acids: expanding
the markets. Trends Biotechnol 26(2):100–108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.006
Saxena S, Sehgal JP, Puniya AK, Singh K (2010) Effect of
administration of rumen fungi on production performance of lactating buffaloes. Benef Microbes 1
(2):183–188. https://doi.org/10.3920/bm2009.0018
Schnu ¨rer A (2016) Biogas production: microbiology
and technology. In: Hatti-Kaul R, Mamo G, Mattiasson B (eds) Anaerobes in biotechnology.
Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology, vol 156. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/
10.1007/10_2016_5
Schnu ¨rer A (2018) Microbiology of the biogas process.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Solomon KS, Gilmore SP, Henske JK, Rieth
MD, O’Malley MA (2016) Mapping the membrane
proteome of anaerobic gut fungi using RNA-Seq.
Biophys J 110 (3, Suppl 1):58a–59a. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.382
Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Wilken SE, Knop D, Solomon KV, O’Malley
MA (2017) The importance of sourcing enzymes
from non-conventional fungi for metabolic engineering and biomass breakdown. Metab Eng
44:45–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ymben.2017.09.008
Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Yoo JI, Yur D, O’Malley MA (2019) Heterologous transporters from anaerobic fungi bolster
fluoride tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Metab Eng Commun 9:e00091. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00091
Sharma HK, Xu C, Qin W (2017) Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and
bioproducts: an overview. Waste Biomass Valorization 10(2):235–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s12649-017-0059-y
Skyba O, Douglas CJ, Mansfield SD (2013) Syringyl-rich
lignin renders poplars more resistant to degradation by wood decay fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol
79(8):2560–2571.
https://doi.org/10.1128/
aem.03182-12
Solomon KV, Haitjema CH, Henske JK, Gilmore SP,
Borges-Rivera D, Lipzen A, Brewer HM, Purvine
SO, Wright AT, Theodorou MK, Grigoriev IV,
Regev A, Thompson DA, O’Malley MA (2016a)
Early-branching gut fungi possess a large, comprehensive array of biomass-degrading enzymes. Science
351(6278):1192–1195.
https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.aad1431
17 The Biotechnological Potential of Anaerobic Gut Fungi
435
262. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-91-2-249
Orpin CG (1977) On the induction of zoosporogenesis
in the rumen phycomycetes Neocallimastix frontalis, Piromonas communis and Sphaeromonas
communis. J Gen Microbiol 101(2):181–189.
https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-101-2-181
Paul SS, Kamra DN, Sastry VR, Sahu NP, Agarwal N
(2004) Effect of anaerobic fungi on in vitro feed
digestion by mixed rumen microflora of buffalo.
Reprod Nutr Dev 44 (4):313–319.. http://www.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15535463
Paul SS, Deb SM, Punia BS, Das KS, Singh G, Ashar MN,
Kumar R (2011) Effect of feeding isolates of anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix sp. CF 17 on growth
rate and fibre digestion in buffalo calves. Arch
Anim Nutr 65(3):215–228. https://doi.org/
10.1080/1745039X.2011.559722
Peng XN, Gilmore SP, O’Malley MA (2016) Microbial
communities for bioprocessing: lessons learned
from nature. Curr Opin Chem Eng 14:103–109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2016.09.003
Peng X, Swift CL, Theodorou MK, O’Malley MA (2018)
Methods for genomic characterization and maintenance of anaerobic fungi. In: de Vries RP, Tsang
A, Grigoriev I (eds) Fungal genomics. Methods in
molecular biology, vol 1775. Humana, New York
Podolsky IA, Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Lankiewicz TS, Brown JL, Swift
CL, O’Malley MA (2019) Harnessing nature’s anaerobes for biotechnology and bioprocessing. 10 (1).
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng060718-030340
Poidevin L, Levasseur A, Pae ¨s G, Navarro D,
Heiss-Blanquet S, Asther M, Record E (2009) Heterologous production of the Piromyces equi cinnamoyl esterase in Trichoderma reesei for
biotechnological applications. Lett Appl Microbiol
49(6):673–678.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472765X.2009.02734.x
Prasad V, Stro ¨mberg CAE, Alimohammadian H, Sahni
A (2005) Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science 310
(5751):1177–1180.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118806
Procha ´zka J, Mra ´zek J, S ˇ trosova ´ L, Fliegerova ´ K, Za ´branska ´ J, Doha ´nyos M (2012) Enhanced biogas
yield from energy crops with rumen anaerobic
fungi. Eng Life Sci 12(3):343–351. https://doi.org/
10.1002/elsc.201100076
Qiu X, Selinger B, Yanke LJ, Cheng KJ (2000) Isolation
and analysis of two cellulase cDNAs from Orpinomyces joyonii. Gene 245 (1):119–126. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00028-7
Ranganathan A, Smith OP, Youssef NH, Struchtemeyer
CG, Atiyeh HK, Elshahed MS (2017) Utilizing
anaerobic fungi for two-stage sugar extraction
and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Front Microbiol 8(635):635. https://doi.org/
10.3389/fmicb.2017.00635
Ribeiro GO, Oss DB, He Z, Gruninger RJ, Elekwachi C,
Forster RJ, Yang W, Beauchemin KA, McAllister
TA (2017) Repeated inoculation of cattle rumen
with bison rumen contents alters the rumen
microbiome and improves nitrogen digestibility
in cattle. Sci Rep 7(1):1276. https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-017-01269-3
Sauer M, Porro D, Mattanovich D, Branduardi P (2008)
Microbial production of organic acids: expanding
the markets. Trends Biotechnol 26(2):100–108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.006
Saxena S, Sehgal JP, Puniya AK, Singh K (2010) Effect of
administration of rumen fungi on production performance of lactating buffaloes. Benef Microbes 1
(2):183–188. https://doi.org/10.3920/bm2009.0018
Schnu ¨rer A (2016) Biogas production: microbiology
and technology. In: Hatti-Kaul R, Mamo G, Mattiasson B (eds) Anaerobes in biotechnology.
Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology, vol 156. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/
10.1007/10_2016_5
Schnu ¨rer A (2018) Microbiology of the biogas process.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Solomon KS, Gilmore SP, Henske JK, Rieth
MD, O’Malley MA (2016) Mapping the membrane
proteome of anaerobic gut fungi using RNA-Seq.
Biophys J 110 (3, Suppl 1):58a–59a. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.382
Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Wilken SE, Knop D, Solomon KV, O’Malley
MA (2017) The importance of sourcing enzymes
from non-conventional fungi for metabolic engineering and biomass breakdown. Metab Eng
44:45–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ymben.2017.09.008
Seppa ¨la ¨ S, Yoo JI, Yur D, O’Malley MA (2019) Heterologous transporters from anaerobic fungi bolster
fluoride tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Metab Eng Commun 9:e00091. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00091
Sharma HK, Xu C, Qin W (2017) Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and
bioproducts: an overview. Waste Biomass Valorization 10(2):235–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s12649-017-0059-y
Skyba O, Douglas CJ, Mansfield SD (2013) Syringyl-rich
lignin renders poplars more resistant to degradation by wood decay fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol
79(8):2560–2571.
https://doi.org/10.1128/
aem.03182-12
Solomon KV, Haitjema CH, Henske JK, Gilmore SP,
Borges-Rivera D, Lipzen A, Brewer HM, Purvine
SO, Wright AT, Theodorou MK, Grigoriev IV,
Regev A, Thompson DA, O’Malley MA (2016a)
Early-branching gut fungi possess a large, comprehensive array of biomass-degrading enzymes. Science
351(6278):1192–1195.
https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.aad1431
17 The Biotechnological Potential of Anaerobic Gut Fungi
435