Jin W, Cheng YF, Mao SY, Zhu WY (2011) Isolation
of natural cultures of anaerobic fungi and indigenously associated methanogens from herbivores
and their bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to methane. Bioresour Technol 102
(17):7925–7931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.026
Joblin K (1981) Isolation, enumeration, and maintenance of rumen anaerobic fungi in roll tubes.
Appl Environ Microbiol 42(6):1119-1122. http://
aem.asm.org/content/42/6/1119.full.pdf
Joblin KN, Naylor GE (1989) Fermentation of woods
by rumen anaerobic fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett
65(1–2):119–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15746968.1989.tb03608.x
Joblin KN, Campbell GP, Richardson AJ, Stewart CS
(1989) Fermentation of barley straw by anaerobic
rumen bacteria and fungi in axenic culture and in
co-culture with methanogens. Lett Appl Microbiol
9(5):195–197.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472765X.1989.tb00323.x
Jones DR, Uddin MS, Gruninger RJ, Pham TTM,
Thomas D, Boraston AB, Briggs J, Pluvinage B,
McAllister TA, Forster RJ, Tsang A, Selinger LB,
Abbott DW (2017) Discovery and characterization
of family 39 glycoside hydrolases from rumen
anaerobic fungi with polyspecific activity on rare
arabinosyl substrates. J Biol Chem 292(30):12606–
12620. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.789008
Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM,
Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces
polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic
fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from
the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40(40):89–110.
https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Kameshwar AKS, Qin W (2018) Genome wide analysis
reveals the extrinsic cellulolytic and biohydrogen
generating abilities of Neocallimastigomycota
fungi. J Genomics 6:74–87. https://doi.org/
10.7150/jgen.25648
Kuyper M, Harhangi HR, Stave AK, Winkler AA, Jetten
MSM, Laat WTAM, Ridder JJJ, Op den Camp HJM,
Dijken JP, Pronk JT (2003) High-level functional
expression of a fungal xylose isomerase: the key to
efficient ethanolic fermentation of xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae? FEMS Yeast Res 4(1):69–
78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00141-7
Kuyper M, Hartog MM, Toirkens MJ, Almering MJ,
Winkler AA, Dijken JP, Pronk JT (2005) Metabolic
engineering of a xylose-isomerase-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for rapid anaerobic
xylose fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 5(4-5):399–
409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.09.010
la Grange DC, den Haan R, van Zyl WH (2010) Engineering cellulolytic ability into bioprocessing
organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87
(4):1195–1208.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253010-2660-x
Lamed R, Setter E, Kenig R, Edward B (1983) The
cellulosome: a discrete cell surface organelle of
Clostridium thermocellum which exhibits separate
antigenic, cellulose-binding and various cellulolytic activities. In: Biotechnology bioengineering
symposium, vol 13. https://www.researchgate.net/
profile/Bayer_Edward/publication/
which_exhibits_separate_antigenic_cellulose-binding_and_various_cellulolytic_activities/links/
545524ca0cf2cf51647dd28c.pdf
Lee SS, Ha JK, Cheng K-J (2000) Relative contributions
of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi to in vitro degradation of orchard grass cell walls and their interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(9):3807–3813.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.3807-3813.2000
Leis S, Dresch P, Peintner U, Fliegerova ´ K, Sandbichler
AM, Insam H, Podmirseg SM (2014) Finding a
robust strain for biomethanation: anaerobic fungi
(Neocallimastigomycota) from the Alpine ibex
(Capra ibex) and their associated methanogens.
Anaerobe 29:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
anaerobe.2013.12.002
Li X-L, Ljungdahl LG, Ximenes EA, Chen H, Felix CR,
Cotta MA, Dien BS (2004) Properties of a recombinant b-glucosidase from polycentric anaerobic
fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 and its application for
cellulose hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol
113–116:233–250. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC5890932/
Li XL, Skory CD, Ximenes EA, Jordan DB, Dien BS,
Hughes SR, Cotta MA (2007) Expression of an
AT-rich xylanase gene from the anaerobic fungus
Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 in and secretion of the
heterologous enzyme by Hypocrea jecorina. Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 74(6):1264–1275. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00253-006-0787-6
Li Y, Jin W, Cheng Y, Zhu W (2016) Effect of the
associated
methanogen
methanobrevibacter
thaueri on the dynamic profile of end and intermediate metabolites of anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. F1. Curr Microbiol 73(3):434–441.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-016-1078-9
Li Y, Li Y, Jin W, Sharpton TJ, Mackie RI, Cann I, Cheng
Y, Zhu W (2019) Combined genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and physiological characterization of the growth of Pecoramyces sp. F1 in
monoculture and co-culture with a syntrophic
methanogen. Front Microbiol 10(435):435.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00435
Liggenstoffer AS, Youssef NH, Couger MB, Elshahed
MS (2010) Phylogenetic diversity and community
structure of anaerobic gut fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in ruminant and non-ruminant
herbivores. ISME J 4(10):1225–1235. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ismej.2010.49
Liu JH, Selinger LB, Hu YJ, Moloney MM, Cheng KJ,
Beauchemin KA (1997) An endoglucanase from
17 The Biotechnological Potential of Anaerobic Gut Fungi
433
of natural cultures of anaerobic fungi and indigenously associated methanogens from herbivores
and their bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to methane. Bioresour Technol 102
(17):7925–7931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.026
Joblin K (1981) Isolation, enumeration, and maintenance of rumen anaerobic fungi in roll tubes.
Appl Environ Microbiol 42(6):1119-1122. http://
aem.asm.org/content/42/6/1119.full.pdf
Joblin KN, Naylor GE (1989) Fermentation of woods
by rumen anaerobic fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett
65(1–2):119–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15746968.1989.tb03608.x
Joblin KN, Campbell GP, Richardson AJ, Stewart CS
(1989) Fermentation of barley straw by anaerobic
rumen bacteria and fungi in axenic culture and in
co-culture with methanogens. Lett Appl Microbiol
9(5):195–197.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472765X.1989.tb00323.x
Jones DR, Uddin MS, Gruninger RJ, Pham TTM,
Thomas D, Boraston AB, Briggs J, Pluvinage B,
McAllister TA, Forster RJ, Tsang A, Selinger LB,
Abbott DW (2017) Discovery and characterization
of family 39 glycoside hydrolases from rumen
anaerobic fungi with polyspecific activity on rare
arabinosyl substrates. J Biol Chem 292(30):12606–
12620. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.789008
Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM,
Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces
polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic
fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from
the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40(40):89–110.
https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Kameshwar AKS, Qin W (2018) Genome wide analysis
reveals the extrinsic cellulolytic and biohydrogen
generating abilities of Neocallimastigomycota
fungi. J Genomics 6:74–87. https://doi.org/
10.7150/jgen.25648
Kuyper M, Harhangi HR, Stave AK, Winkler AA, Jetten
MSM, Laat WTAM, Ridder JJJ, Op den Camp HJM,
Dijken JP, Pronk JT (2003) High-level functional
expression of a fungal xylose isomerase: the key to
efficient ethanolic fermentation of xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae? FEMS Yeast Res 4(1):69–
78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00141-7
Kuyper M, Hartog MM, Toirkens MJ, Almering MJ,
Winkler AA, Dijken JP, Pronk JT (2005) Metabolic
engineering of a xylose-isomerase-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for rapid anaerobic
xylose fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 5(4-5):399–
409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.09.010
la Grange DC, den Haan R, van Zyl WH (2010) Engineering cellulolytic ability into bioprocessing
organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87
(4):1195–1208.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253010-2660-x
Lamed R, Setter E, Kenig R, Edward B (1983) The
cellulosome: a discrete cell surface organelle of
Clostridium thermocellum which exhibits separate
antigenic, cellulose-binding and various cellulolytic activities. In: Biotechnology bioengineering
symposium, vol 13. https://www.researchgate.net/
profile/Bayer_Edward/publication/
which_exhibits_separate_antigenic_cellulose-binding_and_various_cellulolytic_activities/links/
545524ca0cf2cf51647dd28c.pdf
Lee SS, Ha JK, Cheng K-J (2000) Relative contributions
of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi to in vitro degradation of orchard grass cell walls and their interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(9):3807–3813.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.3807-3813.2000
Leis S, Dresch P, Peintner U, Fliegerova ´ K, Sandbichler
AM, Insam H, Podmirseg SM (2014) Finding a
robust strain for biomethanation: anaerobic fungi
(Neocallimastigomycota) from the Alpine ibex
(Capra ibex) and their associated methanogens.
Anaerobe 29:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
anaerobe.2013.12.002
Li X-L, Ljungdahl LG, Ximenes EA, Chen H, Felix CR,
Cotta MA, Dien BS (2004) Properties of a recombinant b-glucosidase from polycentric anaerobic
fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 and its application for
cellulose hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol
113–116:233–250. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC5890932/
Li XL, Skory CD, Ximenes EA, Jordan DB, Dien BS,
Hughes SR, Cotta MA (2007) Expression of an
AT-rich xylanase gene from the anaerobic fungus
Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 in and secretion of the
heterologous enzyme by Hypocrea jecorina. Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 74(6):1264–1275. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00253-006-0787-6
Li Y, Jin W, Cheng Y, Zhu W (2016) Effect of the
associated
methanogen
methanobrevibacter
thaueri on the dynamic profile of end and intermediate metabolites of anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. F1. Curr Microbiol 73(3):434–441.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-016-1078-9
Li Y, Li Y, Jin W, Sharpton TJ, Mackie RI, Cann I, Cheng
Y, Zhu W (2019) Combined genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and physiological characterization of the growth of Pecoramyces sp. F1 in
monoculture and co-culture with a syntrophic
methanogen. Front Microbiol 10(435):435.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00435
Liggenstoffer AS, Youssef NH, Couger MB, Elshahed
MS (2010) Phylogenetic diversity and community
structure of anaerobic gut fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in ruminant and non-ruminant
herbivores. ISME J 4(10):1225–1235. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ismej.2010.49
Liu JH, Selinger LB, Hu YJ, Moloney MM, Cheng KJ,
Beauchemin KA (1997) An endoglucanase from
17 The Biotechnological Potential of Anaerobic Gut Fungi
433