Pure chemical substances, 46, 58, 67, 75, 163
Q
Qualitative analysis, 5
Quality assurance, 67, 68, 156, 158–160
Quality control, 5, 66, 68–70, 72, 73, 81, 104,
135, 147, 156, 158–161, 164, 171
Quality measures, 160
Quality of the result, 11, 41, 67, 84, 93
Quality systems, 155
Quantitation limit, 102–104
Quantitative analysis, 104
Quantity, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 23, 24, 28, 30-32, 34,
35–39, 41, 43, 45, 46, 53, 54, 56, 61, 67,
71, 75, 78, 83, 84, 102, 103, 106, 109,
115–117, 118, 119, 120–124, 126,
129–134, 136, 137, 140, 142, 147, 150,
151, 155, 156, 161, 174, 177
R
Recovery, 39, 51, 58, 67, 77, 78, 80, 87, 105,
107–109, 135, 136, 145, 146, 148, 163,
165–167, 172
Rectangular distribution, 130, 132, 133, 138
Reference measurement standards, 34, 40–43,
45, 71, 72, 83, 84, 97, 118
Reference materials, 9, 42, 58, 66–68, 70, 72,
76, 82, 97, 104, 130, 145, 159
Reference value, 46, 50, 51, 66, 70, 71, 74–76,
78, 79, 80– 82, 84, 85, 106, 108, 118,
120, 123, 160, 165, 169, 172–182
Relative error, 106, 107, 118
Repeatability, 87, 106–108, 120, 135, 149,
151, 163
Reproducibility, 103, 107, 135, 148, 149, 151,
163, 177, 178
Robustness, 100, 102, 110–112
Routine laboratory samples, 161–163
S
Science of measurements, 1, 3, 123
Scientific metrology, 3, 4
Scope of validation, 103
Score, 173, 176–183
Second, 5, 24–28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 40, 41, 53,
56, 58, 71, 72, 75, 77, 79, 108, 155, 157
Secondary reference materials, 72
Selectivity, 94, 97, 100, 103, 105
Shewhart’s charts, 165
Single-laboratory validation, 135, 152
Specificity, 5, 97, 105
Standard, 2–6, 9–11, 15–18, 26, 34, 38–51,
53–65, 67, 68, 70–72, 74, 75, 78, 79,
82–84, 89–93, 96–98, 101–110, 113,
115, 117, 118, 120–123, 126–133, 134,
136–149, 152, 156, 157, 159, 161–167,
175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181
Standard addition, 58–60, 61, 104
Standardization, 20–22, 35, 49, 62, 63, 68
Standard Reference Material (SRM), 67, 68, 71
Standard solution, 43, 48, 49, 50, 54, 58, 67,
78, 90, 98, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109,
163
Standard uncertainty, 74, 75, 79, 131–133, 134,
136–139, 140, 147, 148, 152, 178–180,
181
Sub-discipline, 173, 175, 176
Surveying, 2, 3
T
Target measurement uncertainty, 120
Test, 7, 110, 168, 173, 174
Testing laboratory, 7, 39
Theoretical metrology, 16
Traceability, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
Transfer measurement device, 41
Travelling measurement standard, 41
Triangular distribution, 131, 132, 138
Trueness, 67, 68, 102, 106, 108, 115
True value, 82, 106, 115, 119, 120–124, 138
Type A evaluation of measurement uncertainty,
131
Type B evaluation of measurement uncertainty,
131
U
Unbroken chain of comparisons, 36, 39, 45
Uncertainty, 5, 7, 10–12, 14, 18, 33–35, 39, 40,
42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 51, 53–55, 57-59, 63,
66, 67, 69, 71, 73–76, 78–81, 84–86,
92, 93, 96, 97–99, 101, 104, 109, 110,
115–118, 119, 120, 122–126, 127–132,
134, 135–144, 146–153, 159, 166, 167,
172, 174, 175, 178–183
Uncertainty budget, 63, 75, 76, 84, 131, 134,
150, 152, 166, 167
Uncertainty estimates, 141, 147, 148
Uncertainty of type A, 131, 136–138, 142
Uncertainty of type B, 134, 136, 137
Unit, 1, 2, 6, 14, 18, 23–30, 32, 36, 37, 39,
40, 44, 49, 54, 58, 67, 71, 83, 118,
136, 137
Index
187
Q
Qualitative analysis, 5
Quality assurance, 67, 68, 156, 158–160
Quality control, 5, 66, 68–70, 72, 73, 81, 104,
135, 147, 156, 158–161, 164, 171
Quality measures, 160
Quality of the result, 11, 41, 67, 84, 93
Quality systems, 155
Quantitation limit, 102–104
Quantitative analysis, 104
Quantity, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 23, 24, 28, 30-32, 34,
35–39, 41, 43, 45, 46, 53, 54, 56, 61, 67,
71, 75, 78, 83, 84, 102, 103, 106, 109,
115–117, 118, 119, 120–124, 126,
129–134, 136, 137, 140, 142, 147, 150,
151, 155, 156, 161, 174, 177
R
Recovery, 39, 51, 58, 67, 77, 78, 80, 87, 105,
107–109, 135, 136, 145, 146, 148, 163,
165–167, 172
Rectangular distribution, 130, 132, 133, 138
Reference measurement standards, 34, 40–43,
45, 71, 72, 83, 84, 97, 118
Reference materials, 9, 42, 58, 66–68, 70, 72,
76, 82, 97, 104, 130, 145, 159
Reference value, 46, 50, 51, 66, 70, 71, 74–76,
78, 79, 80– 82, 84, 85, 106, 108, 118,
120, 123, 160, 165, 169, 172–182
Relative error, 106, 107, 118
Repeatability, 87, 106–108, 120, 135, 149,
151, 163
Reproducibility, 103, 107, 135, 148, 149, 151,
163, 177, 178
Robustness, 100, 102, 110–112
Routine laboratory samples, 161–163
S
Science of measurements, 1, 3, 123
Scientific metrology, 3, 4
Scope of validation, 103
Score, 173, 176–183
Second, 5, 24–28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 40, 41, 53,
56, 58, 71, 72, 75, 77, 79, 108, 155, 157
Secondary reference materials, 72
Selectivity, 94, 97, 100, 103, 105
Shewhart’s charts, 165
Single-laboratory validation, 135, 152
Specificity, 5, 97, 105
Standard, 2–6, 9–11, 15–18, 26, 34, 38–51,
53–65, 67, 68, 70–72, 74, 75, 78, 79,
82–84, 89–93, 96–98, 101–110, 113,
115, 117, 118, 120–123, 126–133, 134,
136–149, 152, 156, 157, 159, 161–167,
175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181
Standard addition, 58–60, 61, 104
Standardization, 20–22, 35, 49, 62, 63, 68
Standard Reference Material (SRM), 67, 68, 71
Standard solution, 43, 48, 49, 50, 54, 58, 67,
78, 90, 98, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109,
163
Standard uncertainty, 74, 75, 79, 131–133, 134,
136–139, 140, 147, 148, 152, 178–180,
181
Sub-discipline, 173, 175, 176
Surveying, 2, 3
T
Target measurement uncertainty, 120
Test, 7, 110, 168, 173, 174
Testing laboratory, 7, 39
Theoretical metrology, 16
Traceability, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
Transfer measurement device, 41
Travelling measurement standard, 41
Triangular distribution, 131, 132, 138
Trueness, 67, 68, 102, 106, 108, 115
True value, 82, 106, 115, 119, 120–124, 138
Type A evaluation of measurement uncertainty,
131
Type B evaluation of measurement uncertainty,
131
U
Unbroken chain of comparisons, 36, 39, 45
Uncertainty, 5, 7, 10–12, 14, 18, 33–35, 39, 40,
42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 51, 53–55, 57-59, 63,
66, 67, 69, 71, 73–76, 78–81, 84–86,
92, 93, 96, 97–99, 101, 104, 109, 110,
115–118, 119, 120, 122–126, 127–132,
134, 135–144, 146–153, 159, 166, 167,
172, 174, 175, 178–183
Uncertainty budget, 63, 75, 76, 84, 131, 134,
150, 152, 166, 167
Uncertainty estimates, 141, 147, 148
Uncertainty of type A, 131, 136–138, 142
Uncertainty of type B, 134, 136, 137
Unit, 1, 2, 6, 14, 18, 23–30, 32, 36, 37, 39,
40, 44, 49, 54, 58, 67, 71, 83, 118,
136, 137
Index
187