41. Shi L, Liang L, Wang F et al (2015) Tetraethylorthosilicate induced preparation of mesoporous
graphitic carbon nitride with improved visible light photocatalytic activity. Catal Commun
59:131–135
42. Kailasam K, Epping JD, Thomas A et al (2011) Mesoporous carbon nitride–silica composites
by a combined sol–gel/thermal condensation approach and their application as photocatalysts.
Energy Environ Sci 4(11):4668–4674
43. Yang S, Zhou W, Ge C et al (2013) Mesoporous polymeric semiconductor materials of
graphitic-C 3 N 4 : general and efficient synthesis and their integration with synergistic AgBr
NPs for enhanced photocatalytic performances. RSC Adv 3(16):5631–5638
44. Cui Y, Huang J, Fu X et al (2012) Metal-free photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol in
water by mesoporous carbon nitride semiconductors. Cat Sci Technol 2(7):1396–1402
45. Shiraishi Y, Kofuji Y, Sakamoto H et al (2015) Effects of surface defects on photocatalytic
H 2 O 2 production by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride under visible light irradiation. ACS
Catal 5(5):3058–3066
46. Yang Q, Wang W, Zhao Y et al (2015) Metal-free mesoporous carbon nitride catalyze the
Friedel–Crafts reaction by activation of benzene. RSC Adv 5(68):54978
47. Datta KKR, Reddy BV, Ariga K et al (2010) Gold nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous
carbon nitride stabilizer for highly efficient three-component coupling reaction. Angew Chem
Int Ed 49(34):5961–5965
48. Wang Y, Yao J, Li H et al (2011) Highly selective hydrogenation of phenol and derivatives over
a Pd@ carbon nitride catalyst in aqueous media. J Am Chem Soc 133(8):2362–2365
49. Wang FF, Shao S, Liu CL et al (2015) Selective oxidation of glycerol over Pt supported on
mesoporous carbon nitride in base-free aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 264:336–343
50. Lu Y, Wen Z, Jin J et al (2012) Mesoporous carbon nitride loaded with Pt nanoparticles as a
bifunctional air electrode for rechargeable lithium-air battery. J Solid State Electrochem 16
(5):1863
51. Xu J, Jiang Q, Chen T et al (2015) Vanadia supported on mesoporous carbon nitride as a highly
efficient catalyst for hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. Cat Sci Technol 5(3):1504–1513
52. Kailasam K, Fischer A, Zhang G et al (2015) Mesoporous carbon nitride-tungsten oxide
composites for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ChemSusChem 8(8):1404–1410
53. Wang Y, Wang X, Antonietti M (2012) Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous
organocatalyst: from photochemistry to multipurpose catalysis to sustainable chemistry. Angew
Chem Int Edit 51(1):68
54. Shalom M, Inal S, Fettkenhauer C et al (2013) Improving carbon nitride photocatalysis by
supramolecular preorganization of monomers. J Am Chem Soc 135(19):7118–7121
55. Wei J (2002) Formation of hydrogenated carbon nitride films by reactive sputtering. J Appl
Phys 92(11):6525
56. Najafian A, Rahimi R, Zargari S et al (2016) Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of V-doped
mesoporous TiO 2 photosensitized with porphyrin supported by SBA-15. Res Chem Intermed
42(4):3441–3458
57. Takanabe K, Kamata K, Wang X et al (2010) Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on
dye-sensitized mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst with magnesium phthalocyanine.
Phys Chem Chem Phys 12(40):13020–13025
58. Maleki B, Eshghi H, Barghamadi M et al (2016) Silica-coated magnetic NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticlessupported H3PW12O40; synthesis, preparation, and application as an efficient, magnetic, green
catalyst for one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Res Chem Intermed 42(4):3071
59. Wu J, Liao L, Yan W et al (2012) Polyoxometalates immobilized in ordered mesoporous carbon
nitride as highly efficient water oxidation catalysts. ChemSusChem 5(7):1207–1212
60. Zhu Y, Zhu M, Kang L et al (2015) Phosphotungstic acid supported on mesoporous graphitic
carbon nitride as catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of fuel. Ind Eng Chem Res 54
(7):2040–2047
366
14 Synthesis and Modifications of Mesoporous g-C 3 N 4 Photocatalyst
graphitic carbon nitride with improved visible light photocatalytic activity. Catal Commun
59:131–135
42. Kailasam K, Epping JD, Thomas A et al (2011) Mesoporous carbon nitride–silica composites
by a combined sol–gel/thermal condensation approach and their application as photocatalysts.
Energy Environ Sci 4(11):4668–4674
43. Yang S, Zhou W, Ge C et al (2013) Mesoporous polymeric semiconductor materials of
graphitic-C 3 N 4 : general and efficient synthesis and their integration with synergistic AgBr
NPs for enhanced photocatalytic performances. RSC Adv 3(16):5631–5638
44. Cui Y, Huang J, Fu X et al (2012) Metal-free photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol in
water by mesoporous carbon nitride semiconductors. Cat Sci Technol 2(7):1396–1402
45. Shiraishi Y, Kofuji Y, Sakamoto H et al (2015) Effects of surface defects on photocatalytic
H 2 O 2 production by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride under visible light irradiation. ACS
Catal 5(5):3058–3066
46. Yang Q, Wang W, Zhao Y et al (2015) Metal-free mesoporous carbon nitride catalyze the
Friedel–Crafts reaction by activation of benzene. RSC Adv 5(68):54978
47. Datta KKR, Reddy BV, Ariga K et al (2010) Gold nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous
carbon nitride stabilizer for highly efficient three-component coupling reaction. Angew Chem
Int Ed 49(34):5961–5965
48. Wang Y, Yao J, Li H et al (2011) Highly selective hydrogenation of phenol and derivatives over
a Pd@ carbon nitride catalyst in aqueous media. J Am Chem Soc 133(8):2362–2365
49. Wang FF, Shao S, Liu CL et al (2015) Selective oxidation of glycerol over Pt supported on
mesoporous carbon nitride in base-free aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 264:336–343
50. Lu Y, Wen Z, Jin J et al (2012) Mesoporous carbon nitride loaded with Pt nanoparticles as a
bifunctional air electrode for rechargeable lithium-air battery. J Solid State Electrochem 16
(5):1863
51. Xu J, Jiang Q, Chen T et al (2015) Vanadia supported on mesoporous carbon nitride as a highly
efficient catalyst for hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. Cat Sci Technol 5(3):1504–1513
52. Kailasam K, Fischer A, Zhang G et al (2015) Mesoporous carbon nitride-tungsten oxide
composites for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ChemSusChem 8(8):1404–1410
53. Wang Y, Wang X, Antonietti M (2012) Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous
organocatalyst: from photochemistry to multipurpose catalysis to sustainable chemistry. Angew
Chem Int Edit 51(1):68
54. Shalom M, Inal S, Fettkenhauer C et al (2013) Improving carbon nitride photocatalysis by
supramolecular preorganization of monomers. J Am Chem Soc 135(19):7118–7121
55. Wei J (2002) Formation of hydrogenated carbon nitride films by reactive sputtering. J Appl
Phys 92(11):6525
56. Najafian A, Rahimi R, Zargari S et al (2016) Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of V-doped
mesoporous TiO 2 photosensitized with porphyrin supported by SBA-15. Res Chem Intermed
42(4):3441–3458
57. Takanabe K, Kamata K, Wang X et al (2010) Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on
dye-sensitized mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst with magnesium phthalocyanine.
Phys Chem Chem Phys 12(40):13020–13025
58. Maleki B, Eshghi H, Barghamadi M et al (2016) Silica-coated magnetic NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticlessupported H3PW12O40; synthesis, preparation, and application as an efficient, magnetic, green
catalyst for one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Res Chem Intermed 42(4):3071
59. Wu J, Liao L, Yan W et al (2012) Polyoxometalates immobilized in ordered mesoporous carbon
nitride as highly efficient water oxidation catalysts. ChemSusChem 5(7):1207–1212
60. Zhu Y, Zhu M, Kang L et al (2015) Phosphotungstic acid supported on mesoporous graphitic
carbon nitride as catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of fuel. Ind Eng Chem Res 54
(7):2040–2047
366
14 Synthesis and Modifications of Mesoporous g-C 3 N 4 Photocatalyst