intensity since an increase of the effective path length of light in the photonic band
edge regions would result in a significant enhancement of the interaction between
photons and Au NPs, which was verified by the decreased SPR absorption from
crushed microarray structures (Fig. 9.14).
The photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs for the decomposition of
isopropanol to CO 2 under visible light illumination (λ ¼ 420 nm) was investigated
using Au/TiO 2 –P25, crushed Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs, and Au/TiO 2 –HNSs without the
3D ordered structure as the reference samples. Among all of samples, CO 2 produced
from Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs is much higher than those from other samples. Therefore,
the 3D ordered assembly of HNSs with periodic voids exhibits the slow photon
effect which enhances the visible light absorption and, as a consequence, increases
the photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs. Even under the UV light irradiation, Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs still show the highest activity, which can be mainly attributed to the multiple light scattering resulting from the unique 3DHNS structure.
References
1. Yin YD, Rioux RM, Erdonmez CK et al (2004) Formation of hollow nanocrystals through the
nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Science 304:711–714
2. Yang HG, Zeng HC (2004) Preparation of hollow anatase TiO 2 nanospheres via Ostwald
ripening. J Phys Chem B 108:3492–3495
3. Wang X, Feng J, Bai Y et al (2016) Synthesis, properties, and applications of hollow micro-/
nanostructures. Chem Rev 116:10983–11060
4. Li J, Zeng HC (2005) Size tuning, functionalization, and reactivation of Au in TiO 2
nanoreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:4342–4345
5. Wang PH, Yang LG, Wang LZ et al (2016) Template-free synthesis of hollow anatase TiO 2
microspheres through stepwise water-releasing strategy. Mater Lett 164:405–408
6. Li H, Bian Z, Zhu J et al (2007) Mesoporous Titania spheres with tunable Chamber structure
and enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Am Chem Soc 129:8406–8407
7. Yu JG, Su YR, Cheng B (2007) Template-free fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic activity
of hierarchical macro-/mesoporous Titania. Adv Funct Mater 17:1984–1990
8. Joo JB, Lee I, Dahl M et al (2013) Controllable synthesis of mesoporous TiO 2 hollow shells:
toward an efficient photocatalyst. Adv Funct Mater 23:4246–4254
9. Lu LJ, Teng F, Sen T et al (2015) Synthesis of visible-light driven Cr x O y –TiO 2 binary
photocatalyst based on hierarchical macro–mesoporous silica. Appl Cata B Environ 163:9–15
10. Zhang RY, Shen DK, Xu M et al (2014) Ordered macro-/mesoporous anatase films with high
thermal stability and crystallinity for photoelectrocatalytic water-splitting. Adv Energy Mater
4:1301725
11. Li J, Zeng HC (2007) Hollowing Sn-Doped TiO 2 nanospheres via Ostwald Ripening. J Am
Chem Soc 129:15839–15847
12. Li W, Deng Y, Wu ZX et al (2011) Hydrothermal etching assisted crystallization: a facile route
to functional yolk-shell titanate microspheres with ultrathin nanosheets-assembled double
shells. J Am Chem Soc 133:15830–15833
13. Li A, Chang X, Huang Z et al (2016) Thin heterojunctions and spatially separated cocatalysts to
simultaneously reduce bulk and surface recombination in photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed
55:13734–13738
14. Qiu B, Zhu Q, Du M et al (2017) Efficient solar light harvesting CdS/Co 9 S 8 hollow cubes for
Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed 129:2728–2732
References
239
edge regions would result in a significant enhancement of the interaction between
photons and Au NPs, which was verified by the decreased SPR absorption from
crushed microarray structures (Fig. 9.14).
The photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs for the decomposition of
isopropanol to CO 2 under visible light illumination (λ ¼ 420 nm) was investigated
using Au/TiO 2 –P25, crushed Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs, and Au/TiO 2 –HNSs without the
3D ordered structure as the reference samples. Among all of samples, CO 2 produced
from Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs is much higher than those from other samples. Therefore,
the 3D ordered assembly of HNSs with periodic voids exhibits the slow photon
effect which enhances the visible light absorption and, as a consequence, increases
the photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs. Even under the UV light irradiation, Au/TiO 2 –3DHNSs still show the highest activity, which can be mainly attributed to the multiple light scattering resulting from the unique 3DHNS structure.
References
1. Yin YD, Rioux RM, Erdonmez CK et al (2004) Formation of hollow nanocrystals through the
nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Science 304:711–714
2. Yang HG, Zeng HC (2004) Preparation of hollow anatase TiO 2 nanospheres via Ostwald
ripening. J Phys Chem B 108:3492–3495
3. Wang X, Feng J, Bai Y et al (2016) Synthesis, properties, and applications of hollow micro-/
nanostructures. Chem Rev 116:10983–11060
4. Li J, Zeng HC (2005) Size tuning, functionalization, and reactivation of Au in TiO 2
nanoreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:4342–4345
5. Wang PH, Yang LG, Wang LZ et al (2016) Template-free synthesis of hollow anatase TiO 2
microspheres through stepwise water-releasing strategy. Mater Lett 164:405–408
6. Li H, Bian Z, Zhu J et al (2007) Mesoporous Titania spheres with tunable Chamber structure
and enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Am Chem Soc 129:8406–8407
7. Yu JG, Su YR, Cheng B (2007) Template-free fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic activity
of hierarchical macro-/mesoporous Titania. Adv Funct Mater 17:1984–1990
8. Joo JB, Lee I, Dahl M et al (2013) Controllable synthesis of mesoporous TiO 2 hollow shells:
toward an efficient photocatalyst. Adv Funct Mater 23:4246–4254
9. Lu LJ, Teng F, Sen T et al (2015) Synthesis of visible-light driven Cr x O y –TiO 2 binary
photocatalyst based on hierarchical macro–mesoporous silica. Appl Cata B Environ 163:9–15
10. Zhang RY, Shen DK, Xu M et al (2014) Ordered macro-/mesoporous anatase films with high
thermal stability and crystallinity for photoelectrocatalytic water-splitting. Adv Energy Mater
4:1301725
11. Li J, Zeng HC (2007) Hollowing Sn-Doped TiO 2 nanospheres via Ostwald Ripening. J Am
Chem Soc 129:15839–15847
12. Li W, Deng Y, Wu ZX et al (2011) Hydrothermal etching assisted crystallization: a facile route
to functional yolk-shell titanate microspheres with ultrathin nanosheets-assembled double
shells. J Am Chem Soc 133:15830–15833
13. Li A, Chang X, Huang Z et al (2016) Thin heterojunctions and spatially separated cocatalysts to
simultaneously reduce bulk and surface recombination in photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed
55:13734–13738
14. Qiu B, Zhu Q, Du M et al (2017) Efficient solar light harvesting CdS/Co 9 S 8 hollow cubes for
Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed 129:2728–2732
References
239