127. Bai H, Liu Z, Sun DD (2012) Facile preparation of monodisperse, carbon doped single crystal
rutile TiO 2 nanorod spheres with a large percentage of reactive (110) facet exposure for highly
efficient H2 generation. J Mater Chem 22(36):18801–18807
128. Yu J, Dai G, Xiang Q et al (2011) Fabrication and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic
activity of carbon self-doped TiO 2 sheets with exposed {001} facets. J Mater Chem 21
(4):1049–1057
129. Lin X, Rong F, Ji X et al (2011) Carbon-doped mesoporous TiO 2 film and its photocatalytic
activity. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 142(1):276–281
130. Czoska AM, Livraghi S, Chiesa M et al (2008) The nature of defects in fluorine-doped TiO2. J
Phys Chem C 112(24):8951–8956
131. Fattori A, Peter LM, Wang H et al (2010) Fast hole surface conduction observed for indoline
sensitizer dyes immobilized at fluorine-doped tin oxideÀ TiO 2 surfaces. J Phys Chem C 114
(27):11822–11828
132. Shifu C, Yunguang Y, Wei L (2011) Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of
TiN/F-TiO 2 photocatalyst. J Hazard Mater 186(2):1560–1567
133. Ma HL, Zhang DH, Win SZ et al (1996) Electrical and optical properties of F-doped textured
SnO 2 films deposited by APCVD. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 40(4):371–380
134. Minami T (2000) New n-type transparent conducting oxides. MRS Bull 25(8):38–44
135. Rakhshani AE, Makdisi Y, Ramazaniyan HA (1998) Electronic and optical properties of
fluorine-doped tin oxide films. J Appl Phys 83(2):1049–1057
136. Cui Y, Du H, Wen LS et al (2009) Investigation of electronic structures of F-doped TiO 2 by
first-principles calculation. Trans Tech Publ 620:647–650
137. Liu B, Gu M, Liu X et al (2010) First-principles study of fluorine-doped zinc oxide. Appl Phys
Lett 97(12):122101
138. Gonzalez-Hernandez R, Martinez AI, Falcony C et al (2010) Study of the properties of
undoped and fluorine doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mater Lett 64(13):1493–1495
139. Zhao W, Ma W, Chen C et al (2004) Efficient degradation of toxic organic pollutants with
Ni 2 O 3 /TiO 2 -x B x under visible irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 126(15):4782–4783
140. Moon SC, Mametsuka H, Suzuki E et al (1998) Characterization of titanium-boron binary
oxides and their photocatalytic activity for stoichiometric decomposition of water. Catal Today
45(1):79–84
141. Chen D, Yang D, Wang Q et al (2006) Effects of boron doping on photocatalytic activity and
microstructure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(12):4110–4116
142. Jung KY, Park SB, Ihm SK (2004) Local structure and photocatalytic activity of B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 /
TiO 2 ternary mixed oxides prepared by sol–gel method. Appl Catal B Environ 51(4):239–245
143. Xing M, Wu Y, Zhang J et al (2010) Effect of synergy on the visible light activity of B, N and
Fe co-doped TiO 2 for the degradation of MO. Nanoscale 2(7):1233–1239
144. Wu Y, Xing M, Zhang J (2011) Gel-hydrothermal synthesis of carbon and boron co-doped
TiO 2 and evaluating its photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 192(1):368–373
145. Naik B, Parida KM (2010) Solar light active photodegradation of phenol over a Fe x
Ti1ÀxO 2 ÀyNy Nanophotocatalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 49(18):8339–8346
146. Wang W, Lu C, Ni Y et al (2012) Preparation and characterization of visible-light-driven N–
F–Ta tri-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts. Appl Surf Sci 258(22):8696–8703
147. Cong Y, Chen F, Zhang J et al (2006) Carbon and nitrogen-codoped TiO 2 with high visible
light photocatalytic activity. Chem Lett 35(7):800–801
148. Gombac V, De Rogatis L, Gasparotto A et al (2007) TiO 2 nanopowders doped with boron and
nitrogen for photocatalytic applications. Chem Phys 339(1):111–123
149. Komai Y, Okitsu K, Nishimura R et al (2011) Visible light response of nitrogen and sulfur
co-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts fabricated by anodic oxidation. Catal Today 164(1):399–403
150. Yang G, Xiao T, Sloan J et al (2011) Low-temperature synthesis of visible-light active
fluorine/sulfur Co-doped mesoporous TiO 2 microspheres. Chem Eur J 17(4):1096–1100
220
8 Modifications of Photocatalysts by Doping Methods
rutile TiO 2 nanorod spheres with a large percentage of reactive (110) facet exposure for highly
efficient H2 generation. J Mater Chem 22(36):18801–18807
128. Yu J, Dai G, Xiang Q et al (2011) Fabrication and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic
activity of carbon self-doped TiO 2 sheets with exposed {001} facets. J Mater Chem 21
(4):1049–1057
129. Lin X, Rong F, Ji X et al (2011) Carbon-doped mesoporous TiO 2 film and its photocatalytic
activity. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 142(1):276–281
130. Czoska AM, Livraghi S, Chiesa M et al (2008) The nature of defects in fluorine-doped TiO2. J
Phys Chem C 112(24):8951–8956
131. Fattori A, Peter LM, Wang H et al (2010) Fast hole surface conduction observed for indoline
sensitizer dyes immobilized at fluorine-doped tin oxideÀ TiO 2 surfaces. J Phys Chem C 114
(27):11822–11828
132. Shifu C, Yunguang Y, Wei L (2011) Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of
TiN/F-TiO 2 photocatalyst. J Hazard Mater 186(2):1560–1567
133. Ma HL, Zhang DH, Win SZ et al (1996) Electrical and optical properties of F-doped textured
SnO 2 films deposited by APCVD. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 40(4):371–380
134. Minami T (2000) New n-type transparent conducting oxides. MRS Bull 25(8):38–44
135. Rakhshani AE, Makdisi Y, Ramazaniyan HA (1998) Electronic and optical properties of
fluorine-doped tin oxide films. J Appl Phys 83(2):1049–1057
136. Cui Y, Du H, Wen LS et al (2009) Investigation of electronic structures of F-doped TiO 2 by
first-principles calculation. Trans Tech Publ 620:647–650
137. Liu B, Gu M, Liu X et al (2010) First-principles study of fluorine-doped zinc oxide. Appl Phys
Lett 97(12):122101
138. Gonzalez-Hernandez R, Martinez AI, Falcony C et al (2010) Study of the properties of
undoped and fluorine doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mater Lett 64(13):1493–1495
139. Zhao W, Ma W, Chen C et al (2004) Efficient degradation of toxic organic pollutants with
Ni 2 O 3 /TiO 2 -x B x under visible irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 126(15):4782–4783
140. Moon SC, Mametsuka H, Suzuki E et al (1998) Characterization of titanium-boron binary
oxides and their photocatalytic activity for stoichiometric decomposition of water. Catal Today
45(1):79–84
141. Chen D, Yang D, Wang Q et al (2006) Effects of boron doping on photocatalytic activity and
microstructure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(12):4110–4116
142. Jung KY, Park SB, Ihm SK (2004) Local structure and photocatalytic activity of B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 /
TiO 2 ternary mixed oxides prepared by sol–gel method. Appl Catal B Environ 51(4):239–245
143. Xing M, Wu Y, Zhang J et al (2010) Effect of synergy on the visible light activity of B, N and
Fe co-doped TiO 2 for the degradation of MO. Nanoscale 2(7):1233–1239
144. Wu Y, Xing M, Zhang J (2011) Gel-hydrothermal synthesis of carbon and boron co-doped
TiO 2 and evaluating its photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 192(1):368–373
145. Naik B, Parida KM (2010) Solar light active photodegradation of phenol over a Fe x
Ti1ÀxO 2 ÀyNy Nanophotocatalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 49(18):8339–8346
146. Wang W, Lu C, Ni Y et al (2012) Preparation and characterization of visible-light-driven N–
F–Ta tri-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts. Appl Surf Sci 258(22):8696–8703
147. Cong Y, Chen F, Zhang J et al (2006) Carbon and nitrogen-codoped TiO 2 with high visible
light photocatalytic activity. Chem Lett 35(7):800–801
148. Gombac V, De Rogatis L, Gasparotto A et al (2007) TiO 2 nanopowders doped with boron and
nitrogen for photocatalytic applications. Chem Phys 339(1):111–123
149. Komai Y, Okitsu K, Nishimura R et al (2011) Visible light response of nitrogen and sulfur
co-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts fabricated by anodic oxidation. Catal Today 164(1):399–403
150. Yang G, Xiao T, Sloan J et al (2011) Low-temperature synthesis of visible-light active
fluorine/sulfur Co-doped mesoporous TiO 2 microspheres. Chem Eur J 17(4):1096–1100
220
8 Modifications of Photocatalysts by Doping Methods