3. Yang NS, Burkholder J, Roberts B,
Martinell B, McCabe D (1990) In vivo and
in vitro gene transfer to mammalian somatic
cells by particle bombardment. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 87(24):9568–9572
4. Diacumakos EG (1973) Methods for micromanipulation of human somatic cells in culture.
Methods Cell Biol 7:287–311
5. Shirahata Y, Ohkohchi N, Itagak H, Satomi S
(2001) New technique for gene transfection
using laser irradiation. J Investig Med 49
(2):184–190.
https://doi.org/10.2310/
6650.2001.34045
6. Tirlapur UK, Konig K (2002) Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser. Nature 418
(6895):290–291. https://doi.org/10.1038/
418290a
7. Stephens DJ, Pepperkok R (2001) The many
ways to cross the plasma membrane. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 98(8):4295–4298. https://doi.
org/10.1073/pnas.081065198
8. Wang S, Lee LJ (2013) Micro-/nanofluidics
based cell electroporation. Biomicrofluidics 7
(1):11301.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.
4774071
9. Mehier-Humbert S, Guy RH (2005) Physical
methods for gene transfer: improving the
kinetics of gene delivery into cells. Adv Drug
Deliv Rev 57(5):733–753. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.addr.2004.12.007
10. Fox MB, Esveld DC, Valero A, Luttge R, Mastwijk HC, Bartels PV, van den Berg A, Boom
RM (2006) Electroporation of cells in microfluidic devices: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem
385(3):474–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00216-006-0327-3
11. Boukany PE, Morss A, Liao WC, Henslee B,
Jung H, Zhang X, Yu B, Wang X, Wu Y, Li L,
Gao K, Hu X, Zhao X, Hemminger O, Lu W,
Lafyatis GP, Lee LJ (2011) Nanochannel electroporation delivers precise amounts of biomolecules into living cells. Nat Nanotechnol 6
(11):747–754.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
nnano.2011.164
12. Chang L, Bertani P, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z,
Chen F, Chiang C, Malkoc V, Kuang T, Gao K,
Lee LJ, Lu W (2016) 3D nanochannel electroporation for high-throughput cell transfection
with high uniformity and dosage control.
Nanoscale 8(1):243–252. https://doi.org/
10.1039/c5nr03187g
13. Gao K, Li L, He L, Hinkle K, Wu Y, Ma J,
Chang L, Zhao X, Perez DG, Eckardt S,
McLaughlin J, Liu B, Farson DF, Lee LJ
(2014)
Design
of
a
microchannelnanochannel-microchannel array based nanoelectroporation system for precise gene transfection. Small 10(5):1015–1023. https://doi.
org/10.1002/smll.201300116
14. Chang L, Howdyshell M, Liao WC, Chiang
CL, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z, Lu W, Byrd
JC, Muthusamy N, Lee LJ, Sooryakumar R
(2015) Magnetic tweezers-based 3D microchannel electroporation for high-throughput
gene transfection in living cells. Small 11
(15):1818–1828. https://doi.org/10.1002/
smll.201402564
15. Chang L, Gallego-Perez D, Zhao X, Bertani P,
Yang Z, Chiang CL, Malkoc V, Shi J, Sen CK,
Odonnell L, Yu J, Lu W, Lee LJ (2015)
Dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D nanoelectroporation for non-viral cell transfection in adoptive
immunotherapy.
Lab
Chip
15
(15):3147–3153. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5lc00553a
16. Chang L, Gallego-Perez D, Chiang CL,
Bertani P, Kuang T, Sheng Y, Chen F,
Chen Z, Shi J, Yang H, Huang X, Malkoc V,
Lu W, Lee LJ (2016) Controllable large-scale
transfection of primary mammalian cardiomyocytes on a nanochannel array platform. Small
12(43):5971–5980.
https://doi.org/10.
1002/smll.201601465
17. Henighan T, Chen A, Vieira G, Hauser AJ,
Yang FY, Chalmers JJ, Sooryakumar R (2010)
Manipulation of magnetically labeled and unlabeled cells with mobile magnetic traps. Biophys
J 98(3):412–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
bpj.2009.10.036
18. Huang Y, Rubinsky B (2001) Microfabricated
electroporation chip for single cell membrane
permeabilization. Sensor Actuat A 89
(3):242–249
19. Ostuni E, Chen CS, Ingber DE, Whitesides
GM (2001) Selective deposition of proteins
and cells in arrays of microwells. Langmuir 17
(9):2828–2834
20. Rettig JR, Folch A (2005) Large-scale singlecell trapping and imaging using microwell
arrays. Anal Chem 77(17):5628–5634
21. Skelley AM, Kirak O, Suh H, Jaenisch R,
Voldman J (2009) Microfluidic control of cell
pairing and fusion. Nat Methods 6
(2):147–152
3D Nanochannel Array for High-Throughput Cell Manipulation and Electroporation
41
Martinell B, McCabe D (1990) In vivo and
in vitro gene transfer to mammalian somatic
cells by particle bombardment. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 87(24):9568–9572
4. Diacumakos EG (1973) Methods for micromanipulation of human somatic cells in culture.
Methods Cell Biol 7:287–311
5. Shirahata Y, Ohkohchi N, Itagak H, Satomi S
(2001) New technique for gene transfection
using laser irradiation. J Investig Med 49
(2):184–190.
https://doi.org/10.2310/
6650.2001.34045
6. Tirlapur UK, Konig K (2002) Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser. Nature 418
(6895):290–291. https://doi.org/10.1038/
418290a
7. Stephens DJ, Pepperkok R (2001) The many
ways to cross the plasma membrane. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 98(8):4295–4298. https://doi.
org/10.1073/pnas.081065198
8. Wang S, Lee LJ (2013) Micro-/nanofluidics
based cell electroporation. Biomicrofluidics 7
(1):11301.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.
4774071
9. Mehier-Humbert S, Guy RH (2005) Physical
methods for gene transfer: improving the
kinetics of gene delivery into cells. Adv Drug
Deliv Rev 57(5):733–753. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.addr.2004.12.007
10. Fox MB, Esveld DC, Valero A, Luttge R, Mastwijk HC, Bartels PV, van den Berg A, Boom
RM (2006) Electroporation of cells in microfluidic devices: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem
385(3):474–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00216-006-0327-3
11. Boukany PE, Morss A, Liao WC, Henslee B,
Jung H, Zhang X, Yu B, Wang X, Wu Y, Li L,
Gao K, Hu X, Zhao X, Hemminger O, Lu W,
Lafyatis GP, Lee LJ (2011) Nanochannel electroporation delivers precise amounts of biomolecules into living cells. Nat Nanotechnol 6
(11):747–754.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
nnano.2011.164
12. Chang L, Bertani P, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z,
Chen F, Chiang C, Malkoc V, Kuang T, Gao K,
Lee LJ, Lu W (2016) 3D nanochannel electroporation for high-throughput cell transfection
with high uniformity and dosage control.
Nanoscale 8(1):243–252. https://doi.org/
10.1039/c5nr03187g
13. Gao K, Li L, He L, Hinkle K, Wu Y, Ma J,
Chang L, Zhao X, Perez DG, Eckardt S,
McLaughlin J, Liu B, Farson DF, Lee LJ
(2014)
Design
of
a
microchannelnanochannel-microchannel array based nanoelectroporation system for precise gene transfection. Small 10(5):1015–1023. https://doi.
org/10.1002/smll.201300116
14. Chang L, Howdyshell M, Liao WC, Chiang
CL, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z, Lu W, Byrd
JC, Muthusamy N, Lee LJ, Sooryakumar R
(2015) Magnetic tweezers-based 3D microchannel electroporation for high-throughput
gene transfection in living cells. Small 11
(15):1818–1828. https://doi.org/10.1002/
smll.201402564
15. Chang L, Gallego-Perez D, Zhao X, Bertani P,
Yang Z, Chiang CL, Malkoc V, Shi J, Sen CK,
Odonnell L, Yu J, Lu W, Lee LJ (2015)
Dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D nanoelectroporation for non-viral cell transfection in adoptive
immunotherapy.
Lab
Chip
15
(15):3147–3153. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5lc00553a
16. Chang L, Gallego-Perez D, Chiang CL,
Bertani P, Kuang T, Sheng Y, Chen F,
Chen Z, Shi J, Yang H, Huang X, Malkoc V,
Lu W, Lee LJ (2016) Controllable large-scale
transfection of primary mammalian cardiomyocytes on a nanochannel array platform. Small
12(43):5971–5980.
https://doi.org/10.
1002/smll.201601465
17. Henighan T, Chen A, Vieira G, Hauser AJ,
Yang FY, Chalmers JJ, Sooryakumar R (2010)
Manipulation of magnetically labeled and unlabeled cells with mobile magnetic traps. Biophys
J 98(3):412–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
bpj.2009.10.036
18. Huang Y, Rubinsky B (2001) Microfabricated
electroporation chip for single cell membrane
permeabilization. Sensor Actuat A 89
(3):242–249
19. Ostuni E, Chen CS, Ingber DE, Whitesides
GM (2001) Selective deposition of proteins
and cells in arrays of microwells. Langmuir 17
(9):2828–2834
20. Rettig JR, Folch A (2005) Large-scale singlecell trapping and imaging using microwell
arrays. Anal Chem 77(17):5628–5634
21. Skelley AM, Kirak O, Suh H, Jaenisch R,
Voldman J (2009) Microfluidic control of cell
pairing and fusion. Nat Methods 6
(2):147–152
3D Nanochannel Array for High-Throughput Cell Manipulation and Electroporation
41