4. Ho SY, Mittal GS (1996) Electroporation of
cell membranes: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol
16(4):349–362. https://doi.org/10.3109/
07388559609147426
5. Li LH, Wood M, Shivakumar R, Feller S,
Wang S, Singh V, Holaday J, Fratantoni J, Liu
LN (2001) High-flow electroporation: a novel
approach for ex vivo gene therapy. Blood 98
(11):425A–425A
6. Chang LQ, Gallego-Perez D, Zhao X,
Bertani P, Yang ZG, Chiang CL, Malkoc V,
Shi JF, Sen CK, Odonnell L, Yu JH, Lu W,
Lee LJ (2015) Dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D
nanoelectroporation for non-viral cell transfection in adoptive immunotherapy. Lab Chip 15
(15):3147–3153. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5lc00553a
7. Joshi RP, Schoenbach KH (2000) Electroporation dynamics in biological cells subjected to
ultrafast electrical pulses: a numerical simulation study. Phys Rev E 62(1):1025–1033.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.1025
8. De Angelis F, Malerba M, Patrini M, Miele E,
Das G, Toma A, Zaccaria RP, Di Fabrizio E
(2013) 3D hollow nanostructures as building
blocks for multifunctional plasmonics. Nano
Lett 13(8):3553–3558. https://doi.org/10.
1021/nl401100x
9. Dipalo M, Messina GC, Amin H, La Rocca R,
Shalabaeva V, Simi A, Maccione A, Zilio P,
Berdondini L, De Angelis F (2015) 3D plasmonic nanoantennas integrated with MEA biosensors. Nanoscale 7(8):3703–3711. https://
doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05578k
10. Moretti M, Di Fabrizio E, Cabrini S,
Musetti R, De Angelis F, Firrao G (2008) An
ON/OFF biosensor based on blockade of ionic
current passing through a solid-state nanopore.
Biosens Bioelectron 24(1):141–147. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.047
11. La Rocca R, Messina GC, Dipalo M,
Shalabaeva V, De Angelis F (2015) Out-ofplane plasmonic antennas for Raman analysis
in living cells. Small 11(36):4632–4637.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201500891
Soft Electroporation Through 3D Hollow Nanoelectrodes
19
cell membranes: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol
16(4):349–362. https://doi.org/10.3109/
07388559609147426
5. Li LH, Wood M, Shivakumar R, Feller S,
Wang S, Singh V, Holaday J, Fratantoni J, Liu
LN (2001) High-flow electroporation: a novel
approach for ex vivo gene therapy. Blood 98
(11):425A–425A
6. Chang LQ, Gallego-Perez D, Zhao X,
Bertani P, Yang ZG, Chiang CL, Malkoc V,
Shi JF, Sen CK, Odonnell L, Yu JH, Lu W,
Lee LJ (2015) Dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D
nanoelectroporation for non-viral cell transfection in adoptive immunotherapy. Lab Chip 15
(15):3147–3153. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5lc00553a
7. Joshi RP, Schoenbach KH (2000) Electroporation dynamics in biological cells subjected to
ultrafast electrical pulses: a numerical simulation study. Phys Rev E 62(1):1025–1033.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.1025
8. De Angelis F, Malerba M, Patrini M, Miele E,
Das G, Toma A, Zaccaria RP, Di Fabrizio E
(2013) 3D hollow nanostructures as building
blocks for multifunctional plasmonics. Nano
Lett 13(8):3553–3558. https://doi.org/10.
1021/nl401100x
9. Dipalo M, Messina GC, Amin H, La Rocca R,
Shalabaeva V, Simi A, Maccione A, Zilio P,
Berdondini L, De Angelis F (2015) 3D plasmonic nanoantennas integrated with MEA biosensors. Nanoscale 7(8):3703–3711. https://
doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05578k
10. Moretti M, Di Fabrizio E, Cabrini S,
Musetti R, De Angelis F, Firrao G (2008) An
ON/OFF biosensor based on blockade of ionic
current passing through a solid-state nanopore.
Biosens Bioelectron 24(1):141–147. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.047
11. La Rocca R, Messina GC, Dipalo M,
Shalabaeva V, De Angelis F (2015) Out-ofplane plasmonic antennas for Raman analysis
in living cells. Small 11(36):4632–4637.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201500891
Soft Electroporation Through 3D Hollow Nanoelectrodes
19